The Second Industrial Revolution 1850-1900 a.k.a. “The Technological Revolution” (Before/After 1850) Britain/U.S., Germany Small companies/Large corporations Water Power and Steam Engine/Internal Combustion Engine and Electricity Revolution in production/Revolution in technology British railroads/W. Europe, U.S., Colonial Regions Sailing ships/Steam ships Telegraph/Transatlantic Cable Iron/Steel Local Markets/Global Markets Heavy Industry/Consumer Goods

The Industrialized v. the Non-Industrialized World

The New Imperialism 1880-1914

Political Factors Age of Nationalism increased rivalries among Western countries These rivalries were transmitted throughout the globe “Colonies for colonies’ sake”(?)

Economic Motivations Growth of the global economy accelerated the expansion of imperialism The industrialized world sought new sources of raw materials and new markets for its products

Social Factors Social Darwinism was used to justify the conquest of “backward” peoples Missionaries wanted to spread “Christian civilization” European medicine and technology would benefit the non-industrialized world

Africa and the New Imperialism

The Berlin Conference By 1880, many European powers were interested in establishing colonial empires in Africa Conference of Berlin in 1885 drafted a code to determine how the partition of Africa should proceed

European countries that had holdings on the African coast had first rights to the interior Those countries had to maintain a real presence in the areas they claimed Thus began the “Scramble for Africa”

By 1900, the only independent countries that remained were Ethiopia and Liberia “I would annex the planets if I could”-C. Rhodes