Calculations of Thermochemistry

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Presentation transcript:

Calculations of Thermochemistry May 21st 2015

Prior Knowledge Two main forms of energy Law of conservation of energy Kinetic energy (energy of motion) Ex. Thermal energy (Heat) Potential Energy (energy of position) Ex. Chemical Potential Energy Law of conservation of energy System vs Surrounding Endothermic and exothermic Reactions Temperature vs Heat Units of measuring energy (cal, Cal, J) Anura Hewagama

Objectives Conversions between different units of energy Define specific heat of a substance Relate chemical potential energy to the heat lost or gained in chemical reactions Calculate the amount of heat absorbed or released by a substance as its temperature changes Anura Hewagama

Units defined Metric System of energy 1 calorie (cal) is the amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1g of pure water by 1 degree Celcius (oC). Nutritional calorie (Cal) = 1000 calories = 1kcal SI Unit of Energy Joule (J) 1 cal = 4.184 J Anura Hewagama

Convert 100 cal to Cal Convert 100 cal to J Convert 100 J to cal Convert 300 Cal to J 1. 100 cal x 1 𝐶𝑎𝑙 1000 𝑐𝑎𝑙 =0.100 𝑐𝑎𝑙 2. 100 cal x 4.184 𝐽 1 𝑐𝑎𝑙 =418.4 𝐽 3. 100 J x 0.2390 𝑐𝑎𝑙 1 𝐽 =23.90 𝑐𝑎𝑙 300 Cal x 1000 𝑐𝑎𝑙 1 𝐶𝑎𝑙 x 4.184 𝐽 1 𝑐𝑎𝑙 =1255200 = 1.26 x 106 Practice problems 1,2 and 3 Anura Hewagama

Specific Heat © Definition: Amount of heat (J) required to raise the temperature of one gram (1g) of pure substance by one degree Celsius (1 .oC). The specific heat of water is 1 calorie/gram °C = 4.186 joule/gram °C which is higher than any other common substance. Anura Hewagama

Anura Hewagama

Calculating Heat Absorbed p.520 : 5.00 x 103 g (5kg) block of concrete sidewalk increased by 6.0 oC. How much heat is absorbed? qconcrete = 0.84 𝐽 g.oC x 5.00 x 103 g x 6.0 oC = 25000 J = 25 kJ c = 0.84 J/g.oC m = 5.00 x 103 g qconcrete = ??? qH2O = 4.184 𝐽 g.oC x 5.00 x 103 g x 6.0 oC = 130000 J = 130 kJ Anura Hewagama

Calculating heat… We can use the same equation to calculate heat released in cooling down Use example problem 15.2 as a guide and solve practice problems 4,5 and 6. Try P.522 Section 15.1 assessment Anura Hewagama

15.2 Heat – Determining Specific Heat Objectives Describe how a calorimeter is used to measure energy that is absorbed or released Explain the meaning of enthalpy change in chemical reactions and processes Anura Hewagama

Calorimeter An insulated device used for measuring the amount of heat absorbed or released during a chemical or physical process. p.523 Anura Hewagama

Determining Specific Heat p.524 Example P.525 Example problem use this as a guide Practice problems 12-15 Anura Hewagama

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