Fig. 43.1 Current model of the signaling pathways involved in transducing some ionic (a) and chemically complex taste stimuli (b) in taste cells. (a) Ionic stimuli interact with channels to cause cell depolarization and Ca2+ influx through VGCCs. (b) Bitter, sweet or umami taste stimuli bind to GPCRs to activate phospholipase C (PLCβ2) Transient Receptor Potential Channels, Md. Shahidul Islam (Ed.) ISBN: 978-94-007-0264-6, Springer

Fig. 43.2 Temperature dependence of TRPM5 in a high intracellular calcium concentration. (a) Current traces elicited at different temperatures in response to the indicated voltage protocol at an intracellular Ca2+ concentration of 100 μM. (b, c) Average activation curves and voltage dependence of the time constant of current relaxation at different temperatures (n = 3–5). (d) Temperature dependence of Vact Transient Receptor Potential Channels, Md. Shahidul Islam (Ed.) ISBN: 978-94-007-0264-6, Springer

Fig. 43. 3 PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 are stimulated by sour tastants Fig. 43.3 PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 are stimulated by sour tastants. (a) Kinetics of the Fluo-4/Fura red ratio changes for 10 representative cells. (b) PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 respond to citric acid. (c) PKD1L3 and PKD2L1 do not respond to sweet, bitter, umami, and salty chemicals Transient Receptor Potential Channels, Md. Shahidul Islam (Ed.) ISBN: 978-94-007-0264-6, Springer

Fig. 43.4 TRPV1 antagonists inhibit FCCP-induced calcium increases from the mitochondria. (a) Application of 10 μM capsazepine (CAPZ) abolished the FCCP-dependent cytosolic calcium increases in some mouse taste cells. (b) In other taste cells, capsazepine inhibited the rise in intracellular calcium when mitochondria were disabled with FCCP, but did not completely block the response. (c) Capsazepine significantly inhibited the peak of the FCCP-induced calcium response in taste cells (n = 17, p = 0.019). (d) Application of 1 μM SB366791, another TRPV1 antagonist, significantly reduced the amplitude of the FCCP-induced calcium elevation compared to control (n = 14, p = 0.03) Transient Receptor Potential Channels, Md. Shahidul Islam (Ed.) ISBN: 978-94-007-0264-6, Springer

Fig. 43.5 Model summarizing the proposed regulation of cytosolic calcium in taste cells in the absence of cell stimulation Transient Receptor Potential Channels, Md. Shahidul Islam (Ed.) ISBN: 978-94-007-0264-6, Springer