Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology “tome”= Morphology Physiology “physis”= “logos”= Why study them together? Principle of Complimentarity “Form follows function” Hand formed with jointed fingers in order to grab and hold. Bones function to support and protect therefore they are formed from rigid minerals. What professions would need to have a background in A & P?

Anatomy and Physiology: Structure meets Function Anatomy: Structure of the human body; different levels of the science of anatomy Gross Regional Systemic Surface Microscopic developmental

Physiology: looks at HOW specific systems work Focuses on cellular and molecular levels Uses other branches of science Subdivisions: Neurophysiology Renal physiology kinesiology

Levels of Structural Organization Hierarchy of structural design to the human body (figure 1.3 p. 4) Chemical (atomic) Cellular Tissue Organ Organ system Organism

Characteristics of Life p. 4 Consider traits that humans share with other organisms. Movement Responsiveness Growth Reproduction Respiration (cont’d) Digestion Absorption Circulation Assimilation excretion

Maintaining Life p. 5 Requirements Homeostasis heat food water oxygen pressure Homeostasis Ability to maintain a constant internal environment Done through a number of self-regulating control systems

Elimination & Why Absorption Stomach Kidneys Excretion Urinary system Eliminate one of the words from the list and explain why it does not belong.

Characteristic Body covering Organ System Function 1.integumentary 1.Protect underlying tissue, regulate body, temp, house sensory receptors Support & Movement 1.Skeltal system 2.Muscular system 1.Provides framework and protects 2.Generates heat, maintains posture, movement Integration & Coordination 1.Nervous system 2. Endocrine System 1. Takes in data, processes data 2. Provides chemical messengers Transport 1.Cardiovascular system 2. Lymphatic System 1. Transports gases, nutrients, and wastes 2. Reabsorbs tissue fluid Absorption & Excretion 1.Digestive system 2.Respiratory system 3. Urinary system 1.Breaks down nutrients 2. Gas exchange 3. Remove waste and maintain electrolyte balance Reproduction: Female Male 1. Reproductive system 1. Produces new organism

Organization of the Human Body Human body can be divided into an axial and appendicular portion. Axial portion contains all the major body cavities Membranes Parietal pleura covers the wall of cavity Visceral pleura covers the organ

Body Planes Describe the following terms: Sagittal plane Transverse plane Coronal plane

Organization of the Human Body Define the following terms. Terms are located on pp. 8-11. Axial Appendicular Parietal Visceral Pleural membranes Pericardial membranes Peritoneal membranes The following terms are listed on p. 14. Anatomical position Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral Proximal Distal Superficial (peripheral) Deep

Rules for drawings. Each drawing should be: Head each sheet with your name, due date, and period Done in pencil Colored On a separate piece of paper Labeled with the figure number, page number, title and description. COMPLETE

Draw, label, and turn in the following Figure 1.8 (a) and (b) p. 9 Major body cavities. Figure 1.9 p. 10 Cavities within the head Figure 1.13 p. 15 Body sections Figure 1.16 p. 17 (a) and (b) Body regions