Joint Movements

Flexion/Extension Flexion: bending motion where angle between bones is decreased Extension: straightening motion where angle between bones increased

hyperextension Extension beyond straight

Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion

Abduction/Adduction Abduction: movement away from midline Adduction: movement towards midline

Abduction/Aduction

Circumduction Movement of distal end of bone in circular motion while proximal remains stable

Rotation Movement of body part around its own axis

Pronation and Supination Supination: Pivoting movement of forearm where radius is rotated to parallel with ulna Pronation: Pivoting motion where radius is rotated over ulna

Inversion/Eversion Movement of sole of foot Movement of sole of foot inward (medially) outward (laterally)

Elevation/Depression

Protraction/Retraction