The Growth of the American Labor Movement.

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The Growth of the American Labor Movement.

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Presentation transcript:

The Growth of the American Labor Movement

Issues Economic issues-bread and butter—Wages, living conditions,working conditions Mechanization/Industrialization Workplace autonomy Immigration

Labor Force Distribution 1870-1900

The Changing American Labor Force

National Labor Union 1866-1873 William Sylvan 8 hour workday Opposed to strikes 1872-National Labor Reform Party 500,000

An injury to one is the concern of all! Knights of Labor Terence V. Powderly An injury to one is the concern of all!

1869- Tailors in Philadelphia 1879-Terence V. Powderly By 1886-700,000 members By 1890-100,000 Vertical Unions-all workers regardless of trade Gender and racial boycotts and arbitration, but TP opposed strikes

Knights of Labor trade card

Goals of the Knights of Labor Eight-hour workday. Workers’ cooperatives. Worker-owned factories. Abolition of child and prison labor. Increased circulation of greenbacks. Equal pay for men and women. Safety codes in the workplace. Prohibition of contract foreign labor. Abolition of the National Bank.

Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in 1886

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. Haymarket Riot (1886) McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

Haymarket Martyrs

The American Federation of Labor: 1886 Samuel Gompers

How the AF of L Would Help the Workers Catered to the skilled worker. Represented workers in matters of national legislation. Maintained a national strike fund. Evangelized the cause of unionism. Prevented disputes among the many craft unions. Mediated disputes between management and labor. Pushed for closed shops.

Homestead Steel Strike (1892) Homestead Steel Works The Amalgamated Association of Iron & Steel Workers

Big Corporate Profits!

Attempted Assassination! Henry Clay Frick Alexander Berkman

A “Company Town”: Pullman, IL

Pullman Cars A Pullman porter

The Pullman Strike of 1894

President Grover Cleveland If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a postal card in Chicago, that card will be delivered!

Government by injunction! The Pullman Strike of 1894 Government by injunction!

The Hand That Will Rule the World One Big Union

The “Bread & Roses” Strike DEMANDS: 15¢/hr. wage increase. Double pay for overtime. No discrimination against strikers. An end to “speed-up” on the assembly line. An end to discrimination against foreign immigrant workers.

Labor Union Membership