Protist Chapter Worksheet

Directions The notes for your worksheet are in italics or underlined throughout this presentation

1) The Kingdom Protista is very diverse 1) The Kingdom Protista is very diverse. However, scientists generally divide it into three general groups. What are they? - A) animal-like - B) plant-like - C) fungus-like 2) What are some general characteristics of protists? - small, unicellular amoebas ---> giant, multicellular ocean seaweed(>100m long); Eukaryotes(nucleus).

Animal-like protists: 3. Animal like protists are known as protozoans. They are usually grouped according to how they move. This will be discussed next. 4. One group of animal like protists are the “blob-like protists” like amoebas. The amoeba moves and captures its food by forming “false feet” called pseudopodia.

7. Food Vacuole Nucleus Cell Membrane Endoplasm Ectoplasm Pseudopod Contractile Vacuole

5) Another group of animal-like protists are the flagellates which move with one or more flagella ( whip like structures). There is a flagellated protozoan that lives in the guts of termites. It is really an example of what type of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from each other? - mutualism Explain how both benefit in this example. Prototozoan gets food(nutrients) from the wood using its enzymes; termite can use nutrients also (wouldn’t have them otherwise)

6) Another group of animal-like protozoans that move with many short, whip-like hairs called cilia are referred to as ciliates. A good representative of this group is the paramecium ( nicknamed the “slippershaped protozoan”).

8. Cilia 10. Food Vacuole 9. Contractile Vacuole 13. Oral Groove 11. Macronucleus 12. Micronucleus 14. Cytoplasm 15. Contractile Vacuole 16. Cell Membrane

7) Most protozoans reproduce asexually by splitting into two identical daughter cells by the process called binary fission. However, some protozoans, such as paramecia can also reproduce sexually by the process known as conjugation. Two paramecia join, exchange micronuclei, separate, and each splits into two new daughter cells.

Sporozoans 8) One group of protozoans that are all parasitic, non-motile (don’t move on their own) and harmful are called the sporozoans. This is because many of them reproduce spores, dormant structures that can produce new organisms without fertilization.

9) One example of of a disease caused by a sporozoan is malaria, a disease common in the tropical areas. Name the sporozoan and explain how people are infected. Caused by genus Plasmodium=>live in salivary glands of Anopheles female mosquito. Bites person, injects saliva with sporozoites into skin (anaesthetize area) => blood => reproduces => malaria => infects other mosquitoes.

10) Another disease caused by a different sporozoan is African Sleeping Sickness. Name the sporozoan and explain how it gets into a human host. - Caused by Trypanosoma. Transmitted by the bite of the African tsetse fly.

Plant- like Protists = Algae; 11) Photosynthetic protists are algae which look plant-like, but do not have true roots, stems, or leaves. They do have a green pigment called chlorophyll as well as other pigments. 12) List two reasons why phytoplankton are so important in aquatic ecosystems? a) major producers of nutrients b) major producer of O2

Euglenoids (like euglena) have characteristics like the animal-like protozoans as well as the plant-like protists. Explain how euglena has characteristics of both animal-like and plant-like protists: a) Animal- like protists= can move; no cell wall, if no light can be heterotrophs b) Plant-like protists= chlorophyll present (can photosynthesize)

Euglena Flagella Eyespot Contractile Vacuole Chloroplasts Nucleus Cytoplasm Contractile Vacuole

Fungus-like Protists 14) Provide some names of fungus-like protists: (share some features of fungi and Protists; are decomposers) slime molds water molds downy molds 15) All fungus-like protists obtain their energy by decomposing organic materials.

Importance: They are in many food chains & food webs. Plant-like ones provide oxygen as well as food. Fungi-like ones help as decomposers (recycle). Some cause diseases