Ancient Trade Routes Today we will work on our understanding of trade. We will look at routes, goods, and primary sources in this presentation. Label each of the 3 routes in a different color or use three different patterns (xxxx, ////)

3 Main Trade Routes Location Silk Roads – land route across Eurasia Indian Ocean Maritime System –around the Indian Ocean Trans-Saharan Route – land route connecting Sub-Saharan Africa to the other 2 Eurasian Trade Systems

Who Traded? Silk Roads – East Asians = producers; Everyone else = buyers; pastoralists = facilitators IOMS – South East Asians, Chinese, East Africans, Indians & Arabs = traders; route connected eventually with the Mediterranean Sea Trans-Saharan – Berbers = North African pastoralists and trade facilitators; West Africans = producers of gold, animals skins, ivory; East African = producers of animal skins, ivory Europe – at this time was a crappy peninsula hanging off the edge of Asia. NOT VERY INVOLVED

Silk Roads List the main products of the silk roads and draw pics (SILK, PORCELAIN, TEA, HORSES) List the main products (SILK, PORCELAIN, TEA, HORSES) of the silk roads and draw pics.

Discuss the geographic features that could help or hinder trade

Label the IOMS on your map Label the Silk Roads and IOMS on your map Label the IOMS on your map

*Draw a BOLD line for Winter Winds. *Draw a DASHED line for Summer Winds. The monsoon winds of the Indian Ocean drove trade – discuss the ramification of seasonal winds

Draw theTrans-Saharan Route Draw Trans-Saharan Route Draw theTrans-Saharan Route (GRAY)

Label Gold going OUT OF West Africa and Salt coming INTO West Africa on 1 humped camels.

Technology and Inventions

Camel saddle – invented in the Mid East and spread through sub-Saharan Africa. Distributed the load of goods the camel carried. Trans-Saharan Trade got started later than the other 2 routes b/c the domestication of the camel and the invention of the camel saddle took until about 300 CE. Draw a camel saddle in the Middle Eastern Region. Also, draw a camel saddle on one of your camels in Africa. Trans-Saharan Trade got started later than the other 2 routes b/c the domestication of the camel and the invention of the camel saddle took until about 300 CE.

Caravan crossing Pamir Mountains Knowledge of geography was essential to the success of trade. Often the most knowledgeable were pastoralists living in the Eurasian Steppe. Caravan crossing Pamir Mountains The Silk Road was a trade route linking the lands of the Mediterranean with China by way of Mesopotamia, Iran, and Central Asia. Silk Road caravans often traveled during the winter to avoid hot temperatures that added to the hardship of humans and animals. These two-humped camels, in a caravan crossing the Pamir Mountains, have heavy coats of wool that they shed in the spring. The ratio of one camel-puller for every two or three camels indicates how much human labor, exclusive of merchants, pilgrims, and other passengers, was involved in Silk Road trading. (R. Michaud/Woodfin Camp & Associates) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

(Draw these in Central Asia) Stirrup was invented by Central Asians. Also, the bridle & bit. (Draw these in Central Asia) Stirrup was invented by Central Asians. Also, the bridle, bit, charriot, etc.

Label & draw a dhow in the Indian Ocean! There were differences in the styles of ships used in different areas of the Indian Ocean basin. The dhow was used by Arab traders in the Western portion of the trade network. Label & draw a dhow in the Indian Ocean!

Chinese Trading Vessel: The JUNK Label & draw a junk in the Indian Ocean or South China Sea!

Cultural Developments

Write these terms & definitions! Syncretism Write these terms & definitions! The blending of different cultural elements that results in a new hybrid of both. Cultural Diffusion The movement of ideas, people, religions, languages, diseases, goods, etc. around the globe

Bodhisattva at Bamian, lst B.C. Carved into the side of a cliff at Bamiam, this was one of two monumental Buddhist sculptures near the top of a high mountain pass connecting Kabul, Afghanistan, with the northern parts of the country. Carved in the sixth or seventh century, the sculptures were surrounded by cave dwellings of monks and rock sanctuaries, some dating to the first century B.C.E. (Ian Griffiths/Robert Harding Picture Library) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Interior Dunhuang Cave The cave temples of Dunhuang, China, are among the richest of Buddhist art . These three clay statues, which attend the main Buddha in Cave 45, represent the Buddha's disciple Ananda, a bodhisattva, and a heavenly king. ((c) Cultural Relics Data Center of China) Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Musicians playing Iranian instruments As trade became a more important part of Central Asian life, the Iranian-speaking peoples settled increasingly in trading cities and surrounding farm villages. This three-color glazed pottery figurine is one of hundreds of artifacts of Silk Road camels and horses found in northern Chinese tombs from the sixth to ninth centuries. The musicians playing Iranian instruments testify to the migration of Iranian culture across the Silk Road. At the same time, dishes decorated by the Chinese three-color glaze technique were in style in northern Iran. (The National Museum of Chinese History) Cultures mixed, mingled, and spread with trade goods Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Musicians Continued Weaving the web of an Indian Ocean world, Malay sailors set sail from islands in present day Indonesia and made their way in canoes across thousands of miles of open ocean to Madagascar. There they introduced their language and crops, including bananas and coconuts. Also the Malay sailors introduced the xylophone.

In Eurasia, trade intensified as cities grew.