KEY CONCEPT Populations, not individuals, evolve.

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KEY CONCEPT Populations, not individuals, evolve.

Natural selection acts on distributions of traits. A normal distribution graphs as a bell-shaped curve. highest frequency near mean value frequencies decrease toward each extreme value Traits not undergoing natural selection have a normal distribution.

2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Total % A 7 3 2 1 16 19 B 10 4 8 5 30 35 C 6 20 23 D 12 F total 18 15 13 86 % A B C D F

Natural selection can change the distribution of a trait in one of three ways. Microevolution is evolution within a population. observable change in the allele frequencies can result from natural selection

Natural selection can take one of three paths. Directional selection favors phenotypes at one extreme.

Natural selection can take one of three paths. Stabilizing selection favors the intermediate phenotype.

Natural selection can take one of three paths. Disruptive selection favors both extreme phenotypes.