Topic: Assessing the roles of Freedmen in the Post-War Period

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Topic: Assessing the roles of Freedmen in the Post-War Period

Blacks as new Freedmen Liberated, but without power or rights NO: education, jobs, skills, money Freedmen's Bureau established Education Locating families “40 acres & a mule” promised Early social welfare program Resisted by southerners Southern Black Codes Attempt to control black labor force Limits mobility, voting rights, etc.

Freedmen’s Political Power Radical Republicans use military to weaken Black Codes 15th Amendment enforced  voting Political alliance with Republicans Blacks in national government (Hiram Revels in the Senate) Freedmen win elections to state and local governments Blacks working with “scalawags” Reconstruction governments launch some positive reforms Political power of freedmen decline in the 1870s

Freedmen and Society Southern White Opposition (KKK) Many start to migrate to Southern cities Some try to move west (“Exodusters”) Independent Black churches Families reformed, sense of community Schools built Role of “carpetbaggers” Sharecropping: 95% forced to work ‘rented’ land of plantation owners Dependence and debt cycle

Conclusion 1) What gains did African-Americans make during Reconstruction? Do you think they had power in the South in the 1860s-70s? Explain. 2) Why did Freedmen begin to loose power in the 1870s? Was this inevitable? Explain.