My Background Career MLS Managing Director LNG Engineering & Maintenance Engineer Manager Shutdown team planning 11 trains Innovation in oil & gas Woodside Pluto LNG Plant maintenance superintendent Senior maintenance engineer Australian Navy Contractor FMECA analysis planned maintenance builds BP ShipCare Resident Manager Labuan, ship layup Prosafe Production Technical Superintendent Seagoing Career Motor & steamships Types of Vessels Covered FPSO’s Oil Tankers/ RAS Supply Boats Tugs Passenger Ships RO/RO’s Container Ships Bulk Carriers Cable Layers Jack up Rigs Offshore Construction Barges Offshore Construction Vessels

Introduction

Confusion About What Is Layup Type of Layup/ Layover Hot (full crew) Warm (minimum manning) Cold (no crew) Preparing for Layup/ Layover Maintenance routines required Preparing machinery for layup Equipment removal for storage Humidity issues Reactivation Time Equipment failure Deterioration Pressure to be ready in case of new work comes up. Cost of Services Best Layup Location & Where Port Anchorage Security Quality of Service Services Being Offered Do nothing Traditional service may not meet my needs VCI & Enhanced Layup Services Can You Layup DP Vessels? Fleet Layup Strategies

What’s I Am Seeing Around The Area After the initial shock some 2 years ago a number of clients are currently reviewing their current layup solutions New vessels are still being built and laying up adding to the current inventory Curiosity about what their competitors are doing Optimism that the worst is over Belief that there is no way of cold stacking a DP vessel without serious reactivation times & cost Companies just parking the vessels and walking away Companies managing layup themselves

Concerns With Laid Up Vessels In the Region No emergency response procedures written for cold layup Fire, Flooding, Collision, Unauthorised Boarding, Medical Emergency, Severe Weather No procedures displayed for watchmen & staff to follow Not duplicating full set of bilge alarms Not removing flammables from the vessel Not removing combustibles from the vessels Breaking toilet seals with closed sewerage tanks. What’s in the tank? Sea water systems shut down full of sea water. Lack of understanding about the use and capability of dehumidifiers. Well undersized and spaces not sealed

Environmental Factors- Humidity Singapore

Understanding Corrosion Current Corrosion control is important to understand so that it can be eliminated effectively during lay-up. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) account for nearly 86% of all salts in the ocean and is therefore the largest contributor to corrosion. Salt deposition produces deliquescence (becoming liquid, or having a tendency to become liquid) at 76% Relative Humidity (RH) for NaCl and 35% RH for MgCl. At the area of the corresponding critical relative humidity corrosion current increases

Humidity Levels Cycling Daily It should be noted that conditions in tropical Asia are conducive to this cycling effect due to RH increasing at night as the temperature drops then decreasing during the day as the temperature warms up

History of Traditional Layup Services 1975 BP ShipCare, Labuan Traditional Cold Layup Methods were Based Upon Preventing Corrosion & Seizure of Machinery Dehumidification of Accommodation & Bridge 45-55% Stop delamination of bulkheads Stop wood splitting Preserve bridge electronics Dehumidification of Engine Room & Machinery Spaces 35-45% Stop surface corrosion of machinery (NACE below 40%) Stop damage to electrical cables (humidity too low)

What’s Changed Since Traditional Layup Started Massive Increase in Electronics Equipment Fitted to Vessels Not all located on bridge but found in machinery spaces as well More control panels and different types of sensors Communications equipment Comply with legislation or standards Increase in Types and designs of Specialised Vessels DP Vessels introduced Azimuth Drives Developed Use of Computers & Increase in Technology from Vessel design, use of software and Complex Instrumentation

Traditional Vessel Deactivation Issues Crew mentality. Loosing their job Just want to go home and can’t or won’t finish the layup. Did not create a reactivation plan. Forgot to bring the keys! Not linking tasks like ships side valve opening and removing of ship side blanks at the same time Materials required to complete the reactivation not on board No idea how long the reactivation is going to take Passing sea valves

Traditional Vessel In Layup Issues Deck corrosion Stiffening of rollers and corrosion under brake band Anchor chain failure Corroded ballast pipes Age related failure issues- the clock does not stop Seals Hoses Rubber products Plastic fittings & pipes embrittlement Emergency generator failure Failure is visible

Traditional Vessel Reactivation Issues Start to see the hidden failure modes Electronic equipment failure. Failed to start up Pneumatic control systems sticky or not operating correctly Stiffening of ship side valves Corrosion issues in ballast lines Spares required to reactivate not on board Crew not familiar with the vessel or been away from it a long time. No plan and therefore no idea how long to reactivate. Could not pick up the anchor. Twists in the chain

Factors to Consider For Reactivation When do I expect to return my vessel/s to service? Am I managing a fleet of laid up vessels? What is the reactivation time? Is the vessel due for dry dock prior to reactivation? Do I know where the vessel is likely to re-enter service next? Is there a reactivation plan? Has any failure analysis studies been completed for the vessel? What layup strategy & maintenance was done in layup? Was the vessel deactivated properly?

Understanding the Layup Process Reliability, cost and time increases to reactivate the vessel if the deactivation and layup are not managed properly The importance of a proper reactivation plan cannot be underestimated but I never saw one made by the clients!

Re-commissioning Survey Scope Lay-up less than 12 months Only overdue surveys are to be carried out Sighting survey may be required for ships which have not been preserved Lay-up more than 12 months All overdue surveys Sea trial Some postponement is possible for Bottom Tail shaft and Machinery If no maintenance has been carried out, the scope of re-commissioning will be specially considered Extended scope of re-commissioning e.g. in case of longer lay-ups with no preservation or maintenance

Reactivation Issues of DP Vessels Electrical/ Electronic failure due to high or low humidity Capacitor failure. Relay oxidisation Oxidisation of generator circuit breakers Condensation issues. Oil in large transformers moisture contamination Operating parameters of electronic components Not uncommon to see 90% max humidity. Important when dehumidifiers not used

Reactivation Issues of DP Vessels Continued 2. Control Systems Hydraulic control systems Pneumatic control systems Alarms & trip sensor set points moved Controller hysteresis zero & span required Stiffening of control valves 3. Large Pumps & Motors Unable to Turn in Layup Diesel electric azimuth drives Thrusters 4. High Voltage Systems & Motors Return to service & commissioning