Biology I Chapter 26 Fungi

Do Now In 2 lines, explain why algae is not considered to be a plant.

Characteristics Eukaryotic, nonphotosynthetic organisms Do not contain chloroplasts Do not produce their own food Have cell walls that contain chitin

Fungi obtain energy by absorbing digested nutrients through the roots. Obtaining Nutrients Fungi obtain energy by absorbing digested nutrients through the roots.

Structure Hyphae-The individual filaments that make up a mycelium Mycelium-a mat of hyphae that forms the body of the fungus.

Structure Chitin­a polysaccharide that also makes up the exoskeleton of insects, crustaceans, and other arthropods.

Reproduce both asexually and sexually. Reproduction Reproduce both asexually and sexually.

Asexual Reproduction Sporangia-reproductive structures in which spores form Spore-a haploid reproductive cell that is capable of developing into a new organism.

Asexual Reproduction Conidia-specialized type of hyphae which are formed without the protection of a sac

Asexual Reproduction Fragmentation-a hyphae dries and shatters, releasing individual cells that act as spores.

Asexual Reproduction Budding-part of a cell pinches itself off to produce a small offspring cell.

Occur in mating types that are sometimes called minus and plus. Sexual Reproduction Occur in mating types that are sometimes called minus and plus.

Fungi evolved from protists. Evolution Fungi evolved from protists.

Phylum Zygomycota Produce zygotes Zygosporangium-allows a mold to remain dormant until conditions are favorable for its spores. Molds

Do Now How do we classify fungus?

Phylum Basidiomycota Club fungus Produce small, clublike reproductive structures called basidia. Ex. Mushrooms, shelf fungus, puff balls Mushrooms Puff Balls

Phylum Ascomycota Sac Fungus Asci-saclike structures in which haploid spores are formed. Yeast, Morels, Cup Fungus

Phylum Deuteromycota Imperfect Fungus Do not have a sexual stage Most are human pathogens Ex. Aspergillus

Mychorrhiza-symbiotic structure formed by a fungus and plant root Mychorrhizae Mychorrhiza-symbiotic structure formed by a fungus and plant root

Lichen Lichen-consists of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner living together in a symbiotic relationship Contribute to soil production

Inducing allergic reactions Produce toxins Infect internal organs Humans and Fungus Inducing allergic reactions Produce toxins Infect internal organs

Which is poisonous?

Fungi in Industry The baking of bread-yeast The production of antibiotics-Penicillium The manufacture of drugs-Mold The manufacture of gasohol-yeast Saccharomyces-used to genetically engineer vaccines

Fungi and Food Industries Soy sauce Bread Truffles White button, shiitake, and portobello mushrooms Crash Course

Describe the symbiotic relationship that enables a lichen to exist. Essay Describe the symbiotic relationship that enables a lichen to exist.