INFINITIVE AND GERUND COMPLETERS

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INFINITIVE AND GERUND COMPLETERS Free-time activities INFINITIVE AND GERUND COMPLETERS © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007

Verbs that express preference We use VERB+ING after verbs that express general preference, such as: love, like, enjoy, dislike, hate and prefer We also use –ING after certain verbs: consider, avoid, deny, look forward to, confess to, fancy, involve, mention, risk, spend, mind, regret, admit, suggest, imagine, etc. ING can be pronounced /i/ OR /in/ © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007

© Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007 Some verbs take verbal completers that behave like nouns. These verbal completers may be infinitives or gerunds. (A gerund is the -ing form of a verb when it's used as a noun. When the same form is used as a modifier, it's called a participle.) She encourages him to eat at her house. Encourage is a verb that takes an infinitive completer. He appreciates knowing that he was welcome there. Appreciate is a verb that takes a gerund completer. The family love to see him. OR The family love seeing him. Love takes either an infinive or a gerund . © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007

© Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007 There's no simple way of knowing whether a verb takes an infinitive or gerund completer. Sometimes verbs with similar meanings take different completers: I like to swim, but he hates to swim. OR I like swimming, but he hates swimming. Like and hate take either form. I enjoy swimming, but he dislikes swimming. Enjoy and dislike take gerunds only. Although they are smilar to like and hate, they cannot take infinitives. © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007

© Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007 Leisure activities Make sentences © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007

© Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007 Leisure activities Make senteces © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007

© Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007 Adding -ING to a verb We generally add ING to a verb to form the present participle Example: I like doing exercise If the verb ends in consonant + e, we drop the e and add ING Example: I'm having a good time If the verb ends in consonant + vowel + consonant and a stressed syllable, we double the final consonant Example: I'm beginning to understand this. In one syllable verbs ending in vowel + consonant, we double the consonant Example: I hate stopping at traffic lights Exceptions: verbs ending in -ie © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007

Adding ing to typical verbs jump cry enjoy look read say talk walk work sleep jumping crying enjoying looking reading saying talking walking working sleeping © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007

Adding ing to typical verbs hope write dance make like smile come ride love waste hoping writing dancing making liking smiling coming riding loving wasting © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007

Adding ing to typical verbs hop run chat sit shop drop rob drag slip grin hopping running chatting sitting shopping dropping robbing dragging slipping grinning © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007

Adding ing to typical verbs teach turn share snap amaze snore bet spend raise clap teching turning sharing snapping amazing snoring betting spending raising clapping © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007

© Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007 Making sentences Gardening Kitesurf Cooking Doing homework Ironing Going out I like gardening. She hates kitesurfing. We love cooking. He dislikes doing homework. You love ironing. They enjoy going out. © Rafael Moreno Esteban 2007