Notes: Macromolecule Table Objective: Cell biology standard 1h – Students will learn that most macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids) in organisms (and the cells of organisms) are made from building blocks

Organic Compounds (carbon based molecules) Macromolecules (polymers) Building Blocks (monomer subunits) Example  Function Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) Monosaccharides

Organic Compounds (carbon based molecules) Macromolecules (polymers) Building Blocks (monomer subunits) Example  Function Carbohydrates (polysaccharides) Monosaccharides starch (a polysaccharide)  Main energy storage in plants glycogen (a polysaccharide)  Main energy storage in animals Glucose (a monosaccharide)  Energy source for all organisms’ cells

Organic Compounds (carbon based molecules) Macromolecules (polymers) Building Blocks (monomer subunits) Example  Function Lipids Glycerol and Fatty acids*

Organic Compounds (carbon based molecules) Macromolecules (polymers) Building Blocks (monomer subunits) Example  Function Lipids Glycerol and Fatty acids* *Oil  Long term energy storage in plants *Fat  Long term energy storage in animals

Organic Compounds (carbon based molecules) Macromolecules (polymers) Building Blocks (monomer subunits) Example  Function Lipids Glycerol and Fatty acids* *Oil  Long term energy storage in plants *Fat  Long term energy storage in animals phospholipids  provides a barrier between cell & outside world cholesterol  stabilizes cell membrane

Organic Compounds (carbon based molecules) Macromolecules (polymers) Building Blocks (monomer subunits) Example  Function Protein (is made of one or more polypeptide chains*) Amino acids * Amino acids linked together by covalent bonds form polypeptide chain)

Organic Compounds (carbon based molecules) Macromolecules (polymers) Building Blocks (monomer subunits) Example  Function Protein (is made of one or more polypeptide chains*) Amino acids * Amino acids linked together by covalent bonds form polypeptide chain) Structural proteins provides physical structure to cell (ex: cytoskeleton) enzymes  catalyzes (promotes) chemical reactions in cells antibodies defend against infection

Organic Compounds (carbon based molecules) Macromolecules (polymers) Building Blocks (monomer subunits) Example  Function Nucleic Acids Nucleotides

Organic Compounds (carbon based molecules) Macromolecules (polymers) Building Blocks (monomer subunits) Example  Function Nucleic Acids Nucleotides DNA (nucleic acid)  stores hereditary information passed from generation to generation RNA (nucleic acid) helps manufacture proteins

Organic Compounds (carbon based molecules) Macromolecules (polymers) Building Blocks (monomer subunits) Example  Function Nucleic Acids Nucleotides DNA (nucleic acid)  stores hereditary information passed from generation to generation RNA (nucleic acid) helps manufacture proteins ATP (nucleotide) In all cells, ATP temporarily STORES energy from digested food. Cells then use energy from ATP to power metabolic cellular processes.