Technology and Industrial Growth Ch. 4 Sec. 1

Encouraging Industrial Growth http://www.history.com/topics/industrial-revolution/videos Factories: Stepped up production Used new tools New methods to produce products Increased output Food industry discovered new ways to preserve food Government encouraged immigration

Interchangeable Parts

Natural Resources Fuel Growth Coal powered steam locomotives and factories Trees cut for lumber Waterways used as transportation 1859- first oil well drilled

The Workforce Grows Europeans and Asians immigrated to US after the Civil War Left home due to political strife, religious discrimination, or crop failures 1900- 1 million immigrants per year Immigrants worked for low pay and were willing to move for jobs

Capitalism Encourages Entrepreneurs “rags to riches”- start poor→ work hard→ become rich Idea depended on free enterprise in which individuals own most businesses Entrepreneurs- people who invest money in a product to make a profit

Government Policies Encourage Free Enterprise To encourage the buying of American goods, congress enacted protective tariffs Taxes that made imported goods cost more than those made locally Encouraged laissez-faire (Hands-off) Allowed businesses to operate under minimal gov regulation

Innovation Drives the Nation Patent- grant by the fed. gov. giving an inventor the exclusive right to develop, use, and sell an invention for a period of time Thomas Edison had more than 1,000 patents Invented the light bulb The Rise of Thomas Edison

Revolutionizing Communications 1844- Samuel Morse perfected telegraph technology Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone 1900- More than a million telephones in US 100,000 telegraph wires Guglielmo Marconi- invented wireless telegraph telegraph and telephone

Steel: A Practical Wonder Henry Bessemer- Bessemer Process Purifying iron to make strong, lightweight steel Steel made skyscrapers, elevators, and suspension bridges possible

Steel Industry

Linking the Nation by Rail George Westinghouse- Patented air brakes for trains Train telegraphs and refrigerated cars were developed Time differences between town caused confusion at train stations 1884- 24 time zones in the world Electric streetcars and subways emerged

Railroads

Linking World Markets 1880s- American exports of grain, steel, and textiles dominated international markets RR transported goods quickly, cheaply, and efficiently RR transported goods to ports which shipped them around the world

Changes Out of work farmers moved to industrial cities for work Industrial waste rose Agriculture led to soil erosion and dust storms Yellowstone Park- first federal response to preserve the environment

Critiques of Industrialization Environmental problems Poor/dangerous working conditions Low wages for unskilled workers Child labor Growing income gap Power and influence in politics 16

Critiques of Industrialization 17

Critiques of Industrialization