States of Matter and Density

Matter Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object - measured in grams We use the International System of Units or “SI system” to measure mass Weight is the force of gravity on an object

Density Volume is the amount of space an object takes up Measured in ml or cm3 Density relates mass to volume - written as grams (g) grams (g) or milliliter (ml) centimeters3 (cm3)

Density If a piece of bread has a mass of 75g and a volume of 150 cm3 what is it’s density? If a hockey puck has a density of 10 g/cm3 and has a mass of 850 grams what is it’s volume? Water has a density of 1 g/ml so if I have 33 ml of water what would it’s mass be?

Kinetic Theory Says that matter is made of atoms and molecules which are always in motion. Higher temperature = faster movement = more energy Big particles move slower than smaller particles at the same temperature

Solids have a definite shape or volume fixed, closely packed particles Particles have low kinetic energy – move the least of the states of matter

Crystalline Solids Solids made up of crystals with a regular, repeating pattern of particles.

Amorphous Solids Particles are not arranged in a regular pattern

Liquid Definite volume but no shape Particles free to move and flow together Particles move faster than in solids and have more kinetic energy than the solid state of matter.

Surface Tension molecules pull together and particles are the surface come close together.

Viscosity A liquid’s resistance to flow high viscosity means it doesn’t flow well low viscosity means it flows quickly. Due to attraction between particles.

Gases No definite shape or volume. Particles spread out and will available space. Particles move fast enough to break attractive forces between them – very high kinetic energy

Plasma Estimated 99% of matter (the sun and other stars) are made of plasma. Does not have a definite shape or volume Similar to gases but can conduct electricity because particles are charged.

https://youtu.be/LZI8nfA_zsA

https://youtu.be/J9_LmSTtpkI

Explain the difference between melting and melting point. (pgs 77-79) What happens to the speed of the particles when matter melts? Freezes? Boils? Number 1-5 and be ready to write 5 facts from the video discussing ‘liquids’.

State Changes Changes in states of matter are considered physical changes. Frozen Water, Liquid Water, Water Vapor are all water.

Melting and Freezing Melting is the change in state from a solid to a liquid Freezing is the change from a liquid to a solid.

Melting and Freezing The temperature at which a solid changes into a liquid is called the melting point. The freezing point is the temperature that a liquid changes into a solid. Freezing Point = Melting Point

Vaporization and Condensation The change from a liquid to a gas is called vaporization. Sometimes called boiling or evaporation. The temperature at which this happens is called the boiling point.

Vaporization and Condensation The change from a gas to a liquid is called condensation. The temperature at which this happens is called the condensation point.

Sublimation The change straight from a solid to a gas without going through the liquid state is called sublimation.

EVERYTHING IS DUE TO THERMAL ENERGY

Charles’s Law For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of a gas increases as the gas’s temperature increases and visa versa.

Gay-Lussac’s Law The pressure of a gas increases as the temperature increases, if the volume of the gas does not change.

Boyle’s Law For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature the volume of a gas increases as the gas’s pressure decreases and visa versa.

Ideal Gas Law The ideal gas law is an equation that accounts for all three gas laws. PV=nRT

Ideal Gas Law P = pressure (atm) V = Volume (L) n = number of moles (mol) R = Constant .08206 (L x atm/(mol x K)) T = Kelvin

Standard Temperature and Pressure STP = Standard temperature and pressure ST = 273°K SP = 1 atm