Chapter 2 Measurements 2.5 Prefixes and Equalities Learning Goal Use the numerical values of prefixes to write a metric equality. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

1 kilometer (1 km) = 1000 meters Prefixes In the metric and SI systems of units, a prefix attached to any unit increases or decreases its size by some factor of 10. The relationship of a prefix to a unit can be expressed by replacing the prefix with its numerical value. 1 kilometer (1 km) = 1000 meters © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Metric, SI Prefixes that Increase © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Metric, SI Prefixes that Decrease © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Measuring Length, Prefixes When the prefix centi is used with the unit meter, it becomes a centimeter, a length that is one-hundredth of a meter (0.01 m). When the prefix milli is used with the unit meter, it becomes a millimeter, a length that is one-thousandth of a meter (0.001 m). © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Measuring Length, Equalities An equality shows the relationship between two units that measure the same quantity. For example, 1 m is the same length as 100 cm. The equality is written as: 1 m = 100 cm = 1 × 102 cm 1 m = 1000 mm = 1 × 103 mm 1 cm = 10 mm = 1 × 101 mm © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Measuring Length, Equalities The metric length of 1 m is the same length as 10 dm, 100 cm, and 1000 mm. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Measuring Volume A volume of 1 L or smaller is common in the laboratory. When a liter is divided into 10 equal parts, each is called a deciliter (dL). 1 L = 10 dL = 1 × 101 dL 1 L = 1000 mL = 1 × 103 mL 1 dL = 100 mL = 1 × 102 mL © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Measuring Volume The cubic centimeter (cm3 or cc) is the volume of a cube with the dimensions 1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm. A cube measuring 10 cm on each side has a volume of 1000 cm3, or 1 L; a cube measuring 1 cm on each side has a volume of 1 cm3 1cc2 or 1 mL. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

A cubic centimeter has the same volume as a milliliter. Measuring Volume A cubic centimeter has the same volume as a milliliter. 1 cm3 = 1 cc = 1 mL A cube measuring 10 cm on each side has a volume of 1000 cm3, or 1 L; a cube measuring 1 cm on each side has a volume of 1 cm3 1cc2 or 1 mL. © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

When measuring the mass of Measuring Mass When measuring the mass of your body, the mass is measured in kilograms (kg) laboratory samples, mass is reported in grams, milligrams (mg), or micrograms (μg) 1 kg = 1000 g = 1 × 103 g 1 g = 1000 mg = 1 × 103 mg 1 mg = 1000 μg = 1 × 103 μg © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Measuring Mass, Equalities Equalities can be written for mass in the metric (SI) system. When metric equalities are used, 1 gram is the same mass as 1000 mg and 0.001 kg. 1 kg = 1000 g 1 g = 1000 mg 1 mg = 0.001 g 1 mg = 1000 µg © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Indicate the unit that completes each of the following equalities: Learning Check Indicate the unit that completes each of the following equalities: 1000 m = _____ (1) 1 mm (2) 1 km (3) 1 dm 0.01 m = _____ (1) 1 mm (2) 1 cm (3) 1 dm © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Indicate the unit that completes each of the following equalities: Solution Indicate the unit that completes each of the following equalities: 1000 m = _____ (2) 1 km 0.01 m = _____ (2) 1 cm © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Complete each of the following equalities: 1 kg = _____ Learning Check Complete each of the following equalities: 1 kg = _____ (1) 10 g (2) 100 g (3) 1000 g B. 1 mm = _____ (1) 0.001 m (2) 0.01 m (3) 0.1 m © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Complete each of the following equalities: 1 kg = _____ (3) 1000 g Solution Complete each of the following equalities: 1 kg = _____ (3) 1000 g B. 1 mm = _____ (1) 0.001 m © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.