Different governments around the globe

SOVEREIGNTY What does it mean? Merriam-Webster Dictionary definition supreme power especially over a body politic In your own words… Sovereignty determines a nation’s type of government.

Different Types of Rule Anarchy – without a government No rulers Individual Freedom Socialism - Unions

Dictatorships Monarchy (sometimes) Oligarchy (sometimes aristocracy) Military junta Authoritarian Fascism Theocracy

Dictatorships Monarchy Single person is the head of state Rule for life Often, power is passed to family member

Dictatorships Aristocracy power is held by a small number of individuals from a social elite or from noble families Power transferred through heredity

Dictatorships Military Junta Junta means “committee” in Spanish Government ruled by a committee of military leaders Often becomes a military dictatorship

Dictatorships Authoritarian Social control and strict obedience to state Oppressive Government control in many aspects of life Usually not democratic

Dictatorships Approved Haircuts in North Korea

Dictatorships Fascism Ideology based on nationalism, race, ethnicity Individual subordinate to state

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Dictatorships Theocracy a god or deity is recognized as the state's supreme civil ruler officials who are regarded as divinely guided Iran President Hassan Rouhani Ayatollah Khomeini

Different Types of Rule Communism: promotes the establishment of an egalitarian classless common ownership and control of the means of production and property in general Violent means to change government (revolutions)

Different Types of Rule Socialism essential industries and social services are publicly and cooperatively owned and democratically controlled with a view to equal opportunity and equal benefit for all Examples: government healthcare, schooling Opposite of capitalism

Different Types of Rule Constitutional Republic the head of state and other officials are elected as representatives of the people an must govern according to existing constitutional law that limits the government's power over citizens Separation of powers Checks and balances

Types of Government Three criteria used to classify government: Who can participate in the governmental processes? The geographic distribution of governmental power within the state Relationship between law-making bodies and law-executing branches of the government

Who can participate in the governmental processes? Democracy = popular sovereignty Direct democracy Representative democracy (indirect, republican)

Geographic Distribution of Power Unitary Government – all powers belong to a single, central agency United Kingdom – Parliament Federal Government – power divided among central and local governments United States – Lansing v. Washington D.C. Confederation – alliance of independent states European Union (common currency, coordinate defense)

Law-enforcing & Law-making relationships Presidential – separation between legislative and executive powers Neither is responsible to the other Elected separately

Law-enforcing & Law-making relationships Parliamentary – executive (prime minister/premier) is a member of the legislative branch Chosen by legislature Can select a cabinet United Kingdom Parliament and David Cameron

Who is Sovereign? Democracy Dictatorship Autocracy Oligarchy