Chapter 7 A View of the Cell

Anton van Leeuwenhoek Created the first microscope

Robert Hooke First scientist to use the term cell in reference to living things Used it incorrectly

Robert Brown First to use the term nucleus to reference dark object in the center of a cell

Schleiden and Schwann First scientists to state that all plants and all animals are made of cells

Rudolf Virchow Stated that all cells come from pre-existing cells

The Cell Theory All organisms are made of one or more cells Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things All cells come from pre-existing cells

Compound light microscope Uses multiple lenses to magnify object Maximum magnification is 1500x

Electron microscopes Uses electrons to magnify objects Maximum magnification is 500,000x SEM and TEM

Two Basic Cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes Do not have a nucleus Do not have membrane-bound organelles Ex} bacteria

Eukaryotes Do have nuclei Do have membrane-bound organelles Ex} amoeba, yeast, plant and animal cells

Plasma Membrane Boundary between the cell and its environment Gives cell its shape Allows certain things to move in and out Selective permeability

Cytoplasm Helps give cell shape Place where chemical reactions occur Suspends cell parts

Cell Wall Ridged structure outside plasma membrane Provides support and protection Found in plants, fungi, protists, and bacteria

Nucleus Controls cell activity Contains chromosomes and DNA

Nucleolus Found inside the nucleus Makes ribosomes

Ribosome Located in the cytoplasm Makes proteins One of the few organelles found in a prokaryotic cell

Endoplasmic Reticulum Involved in chemical reactions Transport system

Golgi Apparatus Packages and sorts proteins to be shipped to other parts of the cell

Vacuole Storage site for water, minerals, food, and sometimes waste Gives shape to plant cell Usually not found in animal cells

Lysosome Contain digestive enzymes to destroy worn-out cell parts and bacteria

Plastid Storage site for starch and pigments Found only in plants

Chloroplast Where photosynthesis takes place Found only in plants and some protists

Mitochondria Place in cells where glucose is converted into energy The “powerhouse”

Cytoskeleton Similar to human skeleton, except it can change its shape Microtubules and microfilaments

Centrioles Play a role in cell division Found only in animals and some protists

Cilia and Flagella Used for locomotion Not found on all cells