A New Era in the Soviet Union Chapter 13.4 Joseph Stalin A New Era in the Soviet Union Chapter 13.4

Table of contents Purge Gulag propaganda Collectivization NEP Leon Trotsky Party General Secretary Five Year Plans Collectivization Purge Gulag propaganda

Russia Before Stalin Backwards, poor industry Communists controlled banks, transportation Still some money and capitalism

Lenin’s Last Days and the NEP New Economic Policy. Lenin allowed peasants and small companies to operate a business. Larger industries, banking, and mines stayed under the control of the government. The NEP saved the Soviet Union from economic disaster. Lenin helped pull the Soviet Union out of the Great Depression by creating the

Lenin’s Death Creates Conflict After Lenin’s death in 1924, there was a power struggle between the left and the right. The left, Trotsky, wanted to end the NEP and quickly industrialize. The right wanted to focus on building a socialist state and continue the NEP.

Trotsky vs. Stalin

The Rise of Stalin An intense rivalry between Trotsky and Stalin Trotsky used his speaking skills and position to influence many high ranking official. But Stalin gained the edge when he was appointed Party General Secretary. An intense rivalry between Trotsky and Stalin erupted for control of the Communist Party

Rise of Stalin Cont. As Party General Secretary to appoint : regional, district, city, and town secretaries. appointed over 10,000 people later vote and put Stalin in control of the Communist Party Consolidated power: Trotsky murdered, eliminated all his enemies est. a dictatorship. As Party General Secretary to appoint : regional, district, city, and town secretaries. Over time, Stalin appointed over 10,000 people who would later vote and put Stalin in control of the Communist Party. Once Stalin had control he had Trotsky murdered, eliminated all his enemies, and established a dictatorship

5 year plans Wants growth in Industry, agriculture, transportation Government controls EVERYTHING Sets goals that MUST be met Rewards AND punishments Not enough tools & machines RESULT- Growth of industry, But workers are still poor, overworked

Stalin Takes Power Puts everything under government control No private ownership Demanded total Loyalty Killed ANYONE who might threaten his power

Stalin’s Five-Years Plans Five-Year Plans to transform USSR from an agricultural country into an industrialized giant. 1st emphasized the production of heavy machinery and oil. problems were created, especially in housing, paying, and feeding all the workers in the growing industrial cities. Stalin began a series of Five-Year Plans to transform USSR from an agricultural country into an industrialized giant. The first plan emphasized the production of heavy machinery and oil. But many problems were created, especially in housing, paying, and feeding all the workers in the growing industrial cities

Stalin and Collectivization rapid collectivization of agriculture. - eliminate private farms make people work collectively (together) on giant state run farms. Collectivization had its costs. hoarding of food slaughter of livestock produced widespread famine killed over 10 million peasants in 1932-33. Stalin also began the rapid collectivization of agriculture. - this was an attempt to eliminate private farms and make people work collectively (together) on giant state run farms. Collectivization had its costs. The hoarding of food and the slaughter of livestock produced widespread famine that killed over 10 million peasants in 1932-33

Collectivization Government controlled all agriculture Forced farmers to give up land - killed those who resist Farms are “collected” into huge areas, peasants forced to work for no profit

Stalin’s “Purges” Stalin “purged” the Communist Party. - thousands of his “enemies” killed army officers, diplomats, party officials, intellectuals, and average citizens. additional 8 million Russians arrested and sent to forced labor camps in Siberia, never returned.

Stalin’s Social Changes Before : Communists promoted sexual liberation, divorce, and abortion. Once in power, Stalin praised the family unit and outlawed abortion. He fined or physically punished divorced fathers who did not support their children.

Terror Used terror as a weapon Letters not private to spies No free press Critics sent to the Gulag, labor camps

Thought Police Propaganda- Stalin used the media to boost morale He made himself god-like Censored art, music and books

Soviet Propaganda Propaganda can serve to rally people behind a cause, but often- as in the case of totalitarianism- at the cost of exaggerating, misrepresenting, or even lying about the issues in order to gain that support. (Don’t Write)The following propaganda posters were common in the Soviet Union during Joseph Stalin’s 30 year rule (1923-1953)

Document 2

document 2: Glory to Stalin – The great architect of communism!

Doc. 2: Under the leadership of the great Stalin - forward to Communism! Description: 1951

"Long live the workers’ and peasants’ Red Army - the true guard of the Soviet borders!" Gustav Klutsis, 1935

Don’t speak out!

The captain of the country of Soviets, leads us from victory to victory! 1933