Infinitives! 2014

All About Infinitives Infinitives are verb forms that are translated with the word “to….”

All About Infinitives There are 3 tenses of infinitives: present, perfect, and future. Each tense has 2 voices: active and passive.

Present Active Infinitive You learned the present active infinitive in Latin I. The present active infinitive is the 2nd principal part of the verb…the one that ends in –re. It’s translated “to (verb).”

Present Active Infinitive amo, amare, amavi, amatus doceo, docere, docui, doctus mitto, mittere, misi, missus capio, capere, cepi, captus audio, audire, audivi, auditus To love To teach To send To capture To hear

Present Passive Infinitive Change the –re to –ri and you get the present passive infinitive. ***3rd and 3rd –io verbs change the entire –ere to –i. (verbs that have –o, -ere or –io, -ere). It’s translated “to be (verbed).”

Present Passive Infinitive amo, amare, amavi, amatus doceo, docere, docui, doctus mitto, mittere, misi, missus capio, capere, cepi, captus audio, audire, audivi, auditus AMARI: to be loved DOCERI: to be taught MITTI: to be sent CAPI: to be captured AUDIRI: to be heard

Perfect Active Infinitive Take the 3rd principal part of the verb. Drop the –i. Add –isse. Translated: “to have (verbed)”

Perfect Active Infinitive amo, amare, amavi, amatus doceo, docere, docui, doctus mitto, mittere, misi, missus capio, capere, cepi, captus audio, audire, audivi, auditus AMAVISSE: to have loved DOCUISSE: to have taught MISISSE: to have sent CEPISSE: to have captured AUDIVISSE: to have heard

Perfect Passive Infinitive Take the 4th principal part of the verb. Add the helping verb “esse” (separate word, not as an ending) Translated: “to have been (verbed)”

Perfect Passive Infinitive amo, amare, amavi, amatus doceo, docere, docui, doctus mitto, mittere, misi, missus capio, capere, cepi, captus audio, audire, audivi, auditus AMATUS ESSE: to have been loved DOCTUS ESSE: to have been taught MISSUS ESSE: to have been sent CAPTUS ESSE: to have been captured AUDITUS ESSE: to have been heard

Future Active Infinitive Take the 4th principal part of the verb. Change the –us to –urus. Add the helping verb “esse” (separate word, not as an ending) Translated: “to be going to (verb)” OR “to be about to (verb)”

Future Active Infinitive amo, amare, amavi, amatus doceo, docere, docui, doctus mitto, mittere, misi, missus capio, capere, cepi, captus audio, audire, audivi, auditus AMATURUS ESSE: to be about to love DOCTURUS ESSE: to be about to teach MISSURUS ESSE: to be about to send CAPTURUS ESSE: to be about to capture AUDITURUS ESSE: to be about to hear

Future Passive Infinitive Take the 4th principal part of the verb. Change the –us to –um Add the helping verb “iri” (separate word, not as an ending) Translated: “to be going to be (verbed)” OR “to be about to be (verbed)” This form is rare. 

Future Passive Infinitive amo, amare, amavi, amatus doceo, docere, docui, doctus mitto, mittere, misi, missus capio, capere, cepi, captus audio, audire, audivi, auditus AMATUM IRI: to be about to be loved DOCTUM IRI: to be about to be taught MISSUM IRI: to be about to be sent CAPTUM IRI: to be about to be captured AUDITUM IRI: to be about to be heard

What an Infinitive Chart Looks Like: ACTIVE Present amare to love Perfect amavisse to have loved Future amaturus esse to be about to love PASSIVE amari to be loved amatus esse to have been loved amatum iri to be about to be loved