Y Chromosome Uncovers the Recent Oriental Origin of Modern Stallions Barbara Wallner, Nicola Palmieri, Claus Vogl, Doris Rigler, Elif Bozlak, Thomas Druml, Vidhya Jagannathan, Tosso Leeb, Ruedi Fries, Jens Tetens, Georg Thaller, Julia Metzger, Ottmar Distl, Gabriella Lindgren, Carl-Johan Rubin, Leif Andersson, Robert Schaefer, Molly McCue, Markus Neuditschko, Stefan Rieder, Christian Schlötterer, Gottfried Brem  Current Biology  Volume 27, Issue 13, Pages 2029-2035.e5 (July 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Current Biology 2017 27, 2029-2035.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Workflow for Generating the MSY Reference See also Figure S1 and Data S1. Current Biology 2017 27, 2029-2035.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Maximum-Parsimony Tree of the Horse MSY from 52 Individuals HT-defining mutations are indicated on branches, and the four mutations already described [2] are marked with an asterisk. Bootstrap confidence values (500 replicates) are given on branches, and haplogroups are distinguished by colors. Source breeds are listed for each haplogroup, with number of samples per breed in parentheses. See also Data S2 and Figure S2. Detailed information for samples is given in Data S3. Current Biology 2017 27, 2029-2035.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Dating the Most Recent Common Ancestor of Key Clades in the MSY Genealogy (A) TMRCA estimates assuming a generation interval of 7 years and a mutation rate of 2.91 × 10−8/bp/generation. See also Figure S3. (B) Influence of mutation rate and generation interval on TMRCA estimates. Four different generation times of 5 (orange), 7 (red), 9 (green), and 12 (blue) years and three mutation rates of 2.18 × 10−8 (slow), 2.91 × 10−8 (medium), and 3.64 × 10−8 (fast) per bp per generation were considered. Current Biology 2017 27, 2029-2035.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 MSY HTs Detected in 363 Purebred Horses of 57 Breeds (A) Median-joining network. The size of each circle reflects the sample size of each HT. Haplogroups with confirmed Original Arabian ancestry are indicated by a dotted green line, and those with English Thoroughbred ancestry are indicated in red (see Figure S4). Mutations are given on the branches. Complete data are given in Data S4. (Images: Przewalski’s Horse, domestic horse, and Bairactar: Archiv Otto Antonius, Tiergarten Schönbrunn; Darley Arabian by John Wotton, Wikimedia Commons.) (B) Relative frequency of MSY HTs in different breeds and groups of breeds. The number of samples for each group of breeds is given in parentheses. Information on the classification of breeds is given in Data S4. Current Biology 2017 27, 2029-2035.e5DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions