Th17 cells and related cytokines in unexplained recurrent spontaneous miscarriage at the implantation window Bita Saifi, Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee, Nader.

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Th17 cells and related cytokines in unexplained recurrent spontaneous miscarriage at the implantation window Bita Saifi, Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee, Nader Tajik, Mahmood Erfanian Ahmadpour, Mahnaz Ashrafi, Rosita Vakili, Sara SoleimaniAsl, Reza Aflatoonian, Mehdi Mehdizadeh Reproductive BioMedicine Online Volume 29, Issue 4, Pages 481-489 (October 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.06.008 Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Frequency of Treg cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal non-pregnant women and women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. (a) Higher frequency of Treg cells (mean ± SE) in the normal non-pregnant group (NNP) compared with the unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion group (URSA) (P = 0.001, using Student's t-test); (b) representative flow cytometric analysis for each group (fluorescein isothiocyanate and peridinin chlorophyll protein (PerCP) are the colours conjugated to antibodies, peridinin chlorophyll protein is red and fluorescein isothiocyanate is green). Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2014 29, 481-489DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.06.008) Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Frequency of Th17 cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal non-pregnant women and women with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. (a) Higher frequency of Th17 cells (mean ± SE) in the unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion group (URSA) compared with the normal non-pregnant group (NNP) (P = 0.018, using Student's t-test); (b) representative flow cytometric analysis for each group phycoerythrin (PE) and peridinin chlorophyll protein (PerCP) are the colours conjugated to antibodies, PerCP is red and PE is orange color). Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2014 29, 481-489DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.06.008) Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Correlation of Treg-Th17 cells in the whole population analysed by linear regression. (P = 0.001, r = −0.70). Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2014 29, 481-489DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.06.008) Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Relative gene expression of cytokines related to Th17 cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes of normal non-pregnant women (NNP) and women who have experienced unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA). The relative quantity of gene of interest was normalized to the relative quantity of β2M, as reference gene and was reported as fold change of gene expression. (a) IL-17 expression in the normal non-pregnant group compared with the unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion group (P = 0.038); (b) transforming growth factor-beta expression (TGF-β) in NNP group compared with the URSA group (P = 0.001); (c) FoxP3 expression in the normal NNP compared with the URSA group (P = 0.008). Values expressed as mean ± SE. P values according to the Student's t-test. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2014 29, 481-489DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.06.008) Copyright © 2014 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions