Hierarchy of Biological Order Packet #2 Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Objectives Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Hierarchy The living world is a hierarchy with each level of biological structure building on the level below it Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

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Hierarchy Vocabulary Atom Molecule Unit of matter Smallest unit of an element Having all the characteristics of that element and consisting of a dense, central positively charged nucleus Molecule Particle composed of one or more atoms held together by chemical bonds Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Vocabulary II Organelle Tissue Organ Differentiated structure within a cell that performs a specific function Tissue Group of usually similar cells that together carry out a specific function Organ Structure of an organism usually composed of several tissue types--organized into a functional unit Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Vocabulary III Organ System Population Community Two or more organs working together in the execution of a specific bodily function Population A group of individuals of the same species, found in the same time and place, and potentially interbreeding Community Two or more populations of different species living and interacting in the same area Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Vocabulary IV Ecosystem All organisms and their non-living environment within a defined area One or more communities together with their non-living surroundings Undergoes dynamic changes Succession Ecological community is gradually replaced by another Competition Occurs when different species living in the same environment (habitat) utilize the same limited resources Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Vocabulary V Biosphere The part of the earth inhabited by living organisms Includes both living and non-living components Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Hierarchy I Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Hierarchy II Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Recycling of Atoms & Molecules Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

The Water Cycle Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Water Cycle The cycle of evaporation and condensation that control’s the distribution of earth's water Water is vital and must be available to all living things Abiotic and biotic processes are involved in the cycling of water in the environment Abiotic All physical and non-living chemical processes or factors Precipitation Evaporation Condensation Runoff Percolation Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Water Cycle II Biotic Chemical processes produced or caused by living organisms Photosynthesis Transpiration Respiration Excretion Each process involves water as a reactant, product or solvent and helps to cycle it through the environment to make it readily available to living organisms Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

The Carbon Cycle Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Carbon Cycle Five Steps Carbon dioxide are taken in by plants Carbon incorporated into plant tissue Plants consumed by animals Carbon incorporated into animal tissue Animal breathes out carbon dioxide Teacher Notes/Extra Credit Keep in mind, when plants and animals die, they decay resulting in the production of CO2 by the microorganisms The decayed bodies are transformed into fossil fuels; burned by humans producing carbon dioxide Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

The Nitrogen Cycle Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Nitrogen Cycle The process whereby nitrogen passes from the atmosphere into living things and ultimately back into the atmosphere. Nitrogen Cycle makes nitrogen available for protein synthesis Nitrogen is an elemental component of the class of compounds known as proteins Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Nitrogen Cycle II Air & Ground Nitrogen gas converted to nitrate salts Plants absorb nitrate salts* Nitrate salts converted into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria If plants do not absorb nitrate salts Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Nitrogen Cycle III Ground Only Plants absorb nitrate salts Nitrate salts used in formation of plant proteins Plants consumed by animals Plant proteins converted to animal proteins Animal dies Proteins returned to soil Proteins, in soil, broken down to ammonia Ammonia converted to nitrate salts Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008

Nitrogen Cycle IV Bacteria Nitrogen fixing bacteria Converts nitrogen gas to nitrate salts Lives on the roots of legumes Decomposing bacteria (decomposer) Feeds on and breaks down decaying plant or animal matter Produces ammonia Nitrifying bacteria Absorbs ammonia and coverts it into nitrate salts Denitrifying bacteria Reduce** nitrates to nitrites or nitrogen gas Thursday, December 06, 2018Thursday, December 06, 2018 © Ryan Barrow 2008 © Ryan Barrow 2008