Copy the following onto your notebook (Turn your page sideways.) Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction Preventing Indian uprisings Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies Paying for war debts Maintain control over the colonies

Lesson 6.1: Tighter British Control

Essential Question Why did the British feel the need to keep troops in the colonies and how did this lead to conflict?

VOCABULARY tyranny : the abuse of power, by a government or authority revenue: income for the government, often through taxes. frontier: the edge of the wilderness. quartering : to provide food and lodging repeal : to withdraw, revoke, or make void

What We Already Know More than 200 years before Columbus discovered America, British subjects under the Magna Carta of 1215 could not be taxed without the consent of their elected representatives in Parliament.

What We Already Know Prior to the French and Indian War, self-government in the American colonies was taking root. The colonies were pretty much left alone through a practice that became known as salutary neglect.

What We Already Know Between 1754 and 1763, Britain fought France in the French and Indian War. Under the Treaty of Paris, Britain , gained control of all the land in North America east of the Mississippi

What We Already Know After the French and Indian war settlers began moving across the mountains onto Native American land. Indians began attacking the settlers and British soldiers were called in to defend the colonists.

The Colonies and Britain Grow Apart There was a growing opinion in Parliament that the cost of the French and Indian War and defending the frontier should be paid by the colonists.

The Proclamation of 1763 Parliament began to reassert its authority over the colonies with the Proclamation Line Act of 1763. which banned any new settlements west of the Appalachians.

The Proclamation of 1763 By their participation in the French and Indian war the colonists felt they had earned the right to expand westward. The act caused tensions to grow between Parliament and the American colonists.

The Proclamation of 1763 Tension continued to build when many colonists decided to ignore the law and settled the area anyway. This angered the British government because the colonists were putting themselves at risk, and still refused to pay for their own defense.

Be ready with your replies. A and B Discuss Over the Proclamation Line Act of 1763, who do you think was right? Which side was being unreasonable, or do you think each side had some good points? Be ready with your replies.

Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction Preventing Indian uprisings Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies Paying for war debts Maintain control over the colonies

British Troops and Taxes In order to enforce the Proclamation Line Act of 1763 and to maintain the peace, King George III decided to keep 10,000 soldiers in the colonies, which would be very expensive.

British Troops and Taxes In 1765, Parliament passed the Quartering Act, which required colonists to give food and housing to British troops. Colonists could take them into their homes or pay for the construction of barracks for the soldiers.

Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction Preventing Indian uprisings Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies Quartering Act – colonists must house & feed British soldiers Anger and resentment; complained to each other Paying for war debts Maintain control over the colonies

British Troops and Taxes To help raise revenue In 1764, Parliament passed the Sugar Act, which levied a tax on sugar, molasses, and certain other imports. This was the first tax passed by the government without asking for the approval of colonial governments.

British Troops and Taxes The Sugar Act also called for strict enforcement of the act and harsh punishment of smugglers. Colonial merchants, who often traded in smuggled goods, reacted with anger. Smuggling continued, and even increased in some areas.

Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar Act Colonists were quick to complain to Parliament about the unfairness of the tax.

Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar Act Colonial leader James Otis Jr. claimed that Parliament had no right to tax the colonies, since the colonists were not represented in Parliament . He summed up his argument by declaring, “Taxation without representation is tyranny!”

Colonists’ Reaction to the Sugar Act British finance minister George Grenville disagreed, saying that the colonists were subjects of Britain, and enjoyed the protection of its laws and were therefore subject to taxation.

Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction Preventing Indian uprisings Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies Quartering Act – colonists must house & feed British soldiers Anger and resentment; complained to each other Paying for war debts Sugar Act – tax on sugar, molasses & other imports Smuggling increased; complained to Parliament Maintain control over the colonies

Get your sticks ready.

By 1763 the British needed revenue ($$) from the colonies… A. to pay for the French and Indian War. B. to keep troops in North America C. to finance a new war against Spain. D. all of the above. E. A and B only.

The Proclamation of 1763… A. Declared that all shipping to and from the colonies would only be on British ships. B. Banned any colonial settlements west of the Appalachian Mountains. C. Forbade the colonies from joining together under Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan. D. Was a decree issued by Parliament calling for a truce with Chief Pontiac. E. Was a land grant giving Spain all the land West of the Mississippi as repayment for being an ally in the Seven Years War.

Which is not true about the Proclamation of 1763? A. The British did not have the troops to protect settlers in the vast territory west of the Appalachians. B. Britain betrayed the Colonists by giving the land west of the Appalachians to the Spanish. C. The Colonists believed by fighting alongside the British in defeating the French, they won the right to continue moving west. D. Colonists who wanted to settle in the west ignored the Proclamation.

The Sugar Act angered many colonists because… A. They felt that Britain had no right to tax them directly. B. They had no direct representation in Parliament. C. It increased the penalties for smuggling. D. All of the above. E. B and C only

The Stamp Act of 1765 In order to raise additional revenue, Parliament enacted The Stamp Act in 1765. It required colonists to buy and place stamps on many items such as diplomas, contracts, and newspapers.

The Stamp Act of 1765 While the Sugar Act had mainly affected merchants and importers, the Stamp Act affected all colonists directly.

Protests Against the Stamp Act The people took to the streets in protest. “No taxation without representation” was the colonial battle cry. The colonists insisted that only the colonial assemblies, and not Parliament, could tax the colonies.

Protests Against the Stamp Act Delegates from nine colonies met in New York City (the Stamp Act Congress) and drew up a petition of protest to the king. This marked the first time the colonies banned together in protest.

Colonial Merchants Protested Colonial merchants protested against the Stamp Act by conducting a boycott of British goods --refusing to buy or sell any British merchandise.

Colonial Merchants Protested Secret groups, such as the Sons of Liberty, formed and began to organize protests against British policies. Not all their protests were peaceful. At times they would humiliate customs officials and parade them through the streets.

Get your sticks ready.

Three terms used interchangeably, in our reading, but refer to the same thing… A. Britain, England, Parliament. B. Britain, the Colonies, Parliament. C. England, the Sons of Liberty, Britain. D. The British, English, Sons of Liberty.

The Sons of Liberty… A. were trained to react at a minute notice to protect the colonies. B. voted to ban all trade with England until he colonies could be self governed. C. staged protests, although not always peaceful against Parliament’s laws. D. aided the British by seeing that Parliament’s laws were enforced.

A boycott is a way of protesting by… A. refusing to buy particular merchandise or services. B. writing protest letters to the government. C. Refusing to pay taxes D. marching in demonstration.

Which is not true of the Stamp Act ? A. The Stamp Act levied a tax on all legal and commercial documents. B. The Stamp Act was enacted to put limit the amount of mail being sent to Europe. C. The Stamp Act impacted nearly all the colonists, while the Sugar Act mostly impacted merchants. D. The Stamp Act Congress was the first time the colonies joined together to protest the actions of Parliament.

What was the significance of the Stamp Act Congress? A. It was the first time the word Congress was used to define a group. B. It was the first time the colonies joined together in formal protest. C. It was the first time that a governing group representing the colonies agreed to pay taxes for the people. D. It was the first time a colonial assembly met following the French and Indian War.

Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction Preventing Indian uprisings Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies Quartering Act (1765) colonists must house & feed British soldiers Anger and resentment; complained to each other Paying for war debts Sugar Act (1764) tax on sugar, molasses & other imports Smuggling increased; complained to Parliament Maintain control over the colonies Boycotts and protests; Stamp Act Congress assembled Stamp Act (1765)

Repeal of the Stamp Act Merchants in Britain, whose trade had been hurt by the boycotts, began to complain to Parliament. Under pressure from both home and the colonies, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766.

The Declaratory Act At the same time, Parliament repealed the Stamp Act, they passed the Declaratory Act which stated that “Parliament has the right to govern and tax the colonies!”

Reaction to the Declaratory Act Colonists celebrated the repeal of the Stamp Act. For the most part they ignored the Declaratory Act. All the while tensions continued to grow.

Britain's Problem Britain's Solution Colonists’ Reaction Preventing Indian uprisings Proclamation of 1763 – banned settlement west of the Appalachians Anger; many simply ignored the law and moved west anyway Providing for soldiers who keep the peace in the colonies Quartering Act (1765) colonists must house & feed British soldiers Anger and resentment; complained to each other Paying for war debts Sugar Act (1764) tax on sugar, molasses & other imports Smuggling increased; complained to Parliament Maintain control over the colonies Boycotts and protests; Stamp Act Congress assembled Stamp Act (1765) Celebrated the repeal of the Stamp Act, ignoring the Declaratory Act Declaratory Act (1766)

A and B Discuss Why do you think the colonists pretty much ignored the Declaratory Act? Do you think the Declaratory Act increased or decreased tension between the colonists and the British Government.