Extreme Ontogenetic Changes in a Ceratosaurian Theropod Shuo Wang, Josef Stiegler, Romain Amiot, Xu Wang, Guo-hao Du, James M. Clark, Xing Xu  Current Biology  Volume 27, Issue 1, Pages 144-148 (January 2017) DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Six Ontogenetic Stages and Major Ontogenetic Variations of Limusaurus inextricabilis (A–F) Diagrams of six specimens of L. inextricabilis, as preserved, and their bone histology for skeletochronology, representing six ontogenetic stages (A, IVPP V20100; B, IVPP V15301; C, IVPP V20098; D, IVPP V15923; E, IVPP V15297; F, IVPP V20099; IVPP refers to the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences). White arrows mark the LAGs (lines of arrested growth); black arrow marks the EFS (external fundamental system). (G) Juvenile (upper) and subadult (lower) L. inextricabilis skeletons highlighting some ontogenetically variable features: (1) straight (juvenile) or ventrally deflected (subadult) anterior end of the dentary; (2) relatively deep (juvenile) or elongate (subadult) skull; (3) gastroliths absent (juvenile) or present (subadult); (4) short (juvenile) or elongate (subadult) posterior process of the pubic boot. See also Figure S1 and Tables S1, S2, and S3. Current Biology 2017 27, 144-148DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Jaw Bones of L. inextricabilis Illustrated by CT Data, and Diagrammed Tooth-Loss Pattern in L. inextricabilis (A–E) Jaw bones of L. inextricabilis: premaxilla (right), maxilla (middle), and dentary (left) of stage I Limusaurus (A, IVPP V20100), stage II Limusaurus (B, IVPP V15301), and stage IV Limusaurus (C, IVPP V15923) in right lateral and ventral views; transverse view of middle portion of dentary of stage II Limusaurus (D) and stage IV Limusaurus (E). av, alveolar vestiges; nc, neurovascular canal; t, tooth. (F–H) Diagrammed tooth-loss pattern in L. inextricabilis. Scale bars in (A), (B), and (C) represent 1 cm. Bars in (D)–(H) are not to scale. See also Table S2. Current Biology 2017 27, 144-148DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Carbon Isotope Compositions of L. inextricabilis, Sauropod, Ornithischian, and Theropod Apatites Plotted against Their Corresponding Oxygen Isotope Compositions of Apatite Carbonate Convex polygons show ranges for carnivorous (red) and herbivorous (blue) dinosaurs from the upper Shishugou Formation. Numerals inside Limusaurus data points indicate ontogenetic stages. Dashed line bounds subadult Limusaurus ontogenetic stages with edentulous skulls and gastric mills. See also Figure S2 and Table S4. Current Biology 2017 27, 144-148DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Phylogenetic Hypotheses for Ceratosauria, and the Effects of Juvenile Morphology on Phylogenetic Analysis (A) Strict consensus relationships based on subadult and adult scorings for Limusaurus. (B) Reduced strict consensus based on morphology from juvenile Limusaurus. The sister clade to Ceratosauridae was collapsed for clarity. Clades not recovered in the standard analysis are marked with asterisks. Dotted gray lines show possible positions for Laevisuchus. Abelisauridae, orange; Abelisauroidea, red; Ceratosauridae, blue; Elaphrosaurinae, purple; Noasauridae, yellow; Noasaurinae, green. See also Figures S3 and S4. Current Biology 2017 27, 144-148DOI: (10.1016/j.cub.2016.10.043) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions