Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for the Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa General Guidelines for Creating an Effective Poster Posters need to be read by attendees from a distance of 3 feet or more, so lettering on illustrations should be large and legible. The title should be in very large type, 84 pt. or larger. Do NOT use all capitals for titles and headings. It makes them hard to read. Text on panels should be between 18 and 24 pt. to be legible. Use double or 1.5 spacing between lines of text. Keep each panel relatively short and to the point. More than 25 lines won't get read, but 15 to 18 usually will. Framing the text by putting a box around it will also help readers to focus. Choose a simple font such as Times, Helvetica or Prestige Elite and stick with it. Avoid overuse of outlining and shadowing, it can be distracting. To make something stand out, use a larger font size, bold or underline instead. Whenever possible, use graphs, charts, tables, figures, pictures or lists instead of text to get your points across. Make sure your presentation flows in a logical sequence. It should have an introduction, body and conclusion, just like any other presentation. Posters don’t need to be "arty". Simplicity, ease of reading, etc., are more important than artistic flair. In a room full of posters, consider the visual impact your presentation needs to make in order to attract readers. Use colors behind panels to increase contrast and impact, but avoid fluorescent colors which will make things hard to read when someone gets closer. Consider bringing extra copies of your data and conclusions. Magdalene Ball GRC MSW Program Abstract The purpose of this research is to review and uncover effective treatment modalities for the treatment of bulimia nervosa, focusing specifically on cognitive behavioral therapy. Background into a variety of treatment methods are reviewed and analyzed. The etiology and maintenance of bulimia nervosa are explained to aide in the understanding of bulimia nervosa. Psychological and pharmacological treatment modalities are mentioned to depict the variety of treatment options for bulimia nervosa. This literature review will serve as a sounding board for the importance of effective treatment methods for bulimia nervosa. Treatment Approaches Scope of the Problem Theoretical Background Cognitive behavioral therapy a three-phase process that combines both behavioral and cognitive techniques to provide a well-rounded therapeutic experience. Behavioral Therapy focuses on internal workings of the mind rather than physical, based off observation of stimuli elicited responses . Psychoanalytic approach founded and adapted by Sigmound Freud using psychoanalysis and the role of the unconscious on behavior Cognitive therapy operates on the concept that different thought process evokes different emotions. Eating disorders have effected 30 million people women, and 1.5% women of those 30 million suffer from Bulimia Nervousa . There are various treatments for this health issue such as: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Interpersonal Psychotherapy, Group Therapy, and Medication. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy will be the method of concentration in its effectiveness Theoretical Applications Abraham Maslows hierarchy of needs supports cultural norms of women’s values of acceptance, approval, and companionship of a man. Therefore some women seek to obtain the typical body shape the media portrays. Eating disorders are the product of the unhealthy frustrations women have towards their own bodies and self-image due to media. Sociocultural factors Despite various differences amoung culture, those who are held to beauty norms tend to be physically attractive with an ideal body shape; have many interpersonal relationships, better social skills, and a more active sex life . Age and Gender Differences Females make-up the significant percentage of eating disorders compared to males. Females and males are more prone to eating disorders during different stages of development. Young adulthood is the prime age to experience bulimia nervosa in both genders Discussion The effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Bulimia Nervosa has been determined through many research studies Alternative treatment methods have also been compared through research studies, comparing treatment methods side by side. In one study a group of participants received twenty sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy over a five month period, while the other group received two years of weekly psychoanalytic therapy. Members of the CBT group showed significant benefits over the psychoanalytic group. Recommendations Successful treatment is very much dependent on the individual and their willingness to engage in therapy. This has been concluded out of all the treatment approaches for bulimia nervosa cognitive behavioral therapy is often the most effective treatment at creating long term change. Other benefits: higher energy levels; clearer thinking; improved body image; increased self-liking; less anxiety; improved sleeping patterns; and overall increased happiness. Bulimia Nervosa is a large health issue that effects a vast amount of men and women internationally. It is a product of vast influences that damage an individuals perception of beauty. There are many methods of treatment to approach this issue, to which have been closely defined and examined throughout research studies. Although alternative approaches each have their own benefits, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy can be shown to be especially effective for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. References can be found on a separate document

References General Guidelines for Creating an Effective Poster Posters need to be read by attendees from a distance of 3 feet or more, so lettering on illustrations should be large and legible. The title should be in very large type, 84 pt. or larger. Do NOT use all capitals for titles and headings. It makes them hard to read. Text on panels should be between 18 and 24 pt. to be legible. Use double or 1.5 spacing between lines of text. Keep each panel relatively short and to the point. More than 25 lines won't get read, but 15 to 18 usually will. Framing the text by putting a box around it will also help readers to focus. Choose a simple font such as Times, Helvetica or Prestige Elite and stick with it. Avoid overuse of outlining and shadowing, it can be distracting. To make something stand out, use a larger font size, bold or underline instead. Whenever possible, use graphs, charts, tables, figures, pictures or lists instead of text to get your points across. Make sure your presentation flows in a logical sequence. It should have an introduction, body and conclusion, just like any other presentation. Posters don’t need to be "arty". Simplicity, ease of reading, etc., are more important than artistic flair. In a room full of posters, consider the visual impact your presentation needs to make in order to attract readers. Use colors behind panels to increase contrast and impact, but avoid fluorescent colors which will make things hard to read when someone gets closer. Consider bringing extra copies of your data and conclusions. National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders. (2017). General statistics. Retrieved from National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders: http://www.anad.org/get-information/about-eating-disorders/eating- disorders-statistics/ Abebe, D. S., Lien, L., & Von Soest, T. (2012, September). The development of bulimic symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood in females and males: A population‐ based longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 45(6), 737-745. doi:doi: 10.1002/eat.20950 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Feeding and Eating Disorders . Retrieved from American Psychiatric Association: https://www.psychiatry.org/File%20Library/ Psychiatrists/Practice/DSM/ APA_DSM-5-Eating-Disorders.pdf Castro‐Fornieles, J., Bigorra, A., Martinez‐Mallen, E., Gonzalez, L., Moreno, E., Font, E., & Toro, J. (2010, September 26). Motivation to change in adolescents with bulimia nervosa mediates clinical change after treatment. European Eating Disorder Review , 19(1), 46-54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/erv. 1045 Champion, L., & Power, M. J. (2012). Interpersonal psychotherapy for eating disorders. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 19(2), 150-158. doi:http://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1780 Diemer, E., Grant, J., Munn-Chernoff, M., Patterson, D., & Duncan, A. (2015, August ). Gender identity, sexual orientation, and eating-related pathology in a national sample of college students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(2), 144-149. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.03.003 Glasofer, D. R., & Devlin, M. J. (2013). Cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa. Psychotherapy, 50(4), 537-542. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0031939 Gorla, K., & Mathews, M. (2005). Pharmacological treatment of eating disorders. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 2(6), 43-48.

General Guidelines for Creating an Effective Poster Posters need to be read by attendees from a distance of 3 feet or more, so lettering on illustrations should be large and legible. The title should be in very large type, 84 pt. or larger. Do NOT use all capitals for titles and headings. It makes them hard to read. Text on panels should be between 18 and 24 pt. to be legible. Use double or 1.5 spacing between lines of text. Keep each panel relatively short and to the point. More than 25 lines won't get read, but 15 to 18 usually will. Framing the text by putting a box around it will also help readers to focus. Choose a simple font such as Times, Helvetica or Prestige Elite and stick with it. Avoid overuse of outlining and shadowing, it can be distracting. To make something stand out, use a larger font size, bold or underline instead. Whenever possible, use graphs, charts, tables, figures, pictures or lists instead of text to get your points across. Make sure your presentation flows in a logical sequence. It should have an introduction, body and conclusion, just like any other presentation. Posters don’t need to be "arty". Simplicity, ease of reading, etc., are more important than artistic flair. In a room full of posters, consider the visual impact your presentation needs to make in order to attract readers. Use colors behind panels to increase contrast and impact, but avoid fluorescent colors which will make things hard to read when someone gets closer. Consider bringing extra copies of your data and conclusions. Grave-Dalle, R. (2013). The cognitive behavioral theory of eating disorders. In Multistep cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders (pp. 21-39). Plymouth: The Rowman and Littfield Publishing Group. Haman, K., & Hollon, S. (2009). Ethical Considerations For the Cognitive-Behavorial Therapists In Psychotherapy Research Trials . Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 153-163. Ives, E. (2012). Bulimia nervosa. In E. Ives, Eating disorders: Decode the controlled chaos (pp. 50-62). Bloomington, IN: Balboa Press. Kassin, S., Fein, S., & Rose-Markus, H. (2017). Attraction and close relationships. In Social psychology (10th ed., pp. 360-365). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. Kennerley, H., Kirk, J., & Westbrook, D. (2017). Basic theory, development and current status of cbt. In An introduction to cognitive behaviour therapy: Skills and applications (pp. 1-25). Thousands Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. M.D., G., & J.R., T. (2013). Transtheoretical model of behavior change. In J. Prochaska, Encyclopedia of behavioral medicine (pp. 130-136). NY: Springer. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9 Martin, G., & Pear, J. (2015). Chapter one. In Behavior modification: what it is and how to do it (10th ed., pp. 11-15). NY: Pearson Education Inc. Mond, J. (2013, August 20). Classification of bulimic-type eating disorders: from DSM-IV to DSM-5. Journal of Eating Disorders, 1(33), 1-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-2974-1-33 Murn, L. T. (2010). Group therapies for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. Inquiries Journal/Student Pulse, 2(12), 1-2. doi:http://www.inquiriesjournal.com/a?id=336 National Association of Social Workers. (2016, February). Mental Health Recovery Model. Retrieved from NASW: https://socialworkers.org/practice/behavioral_health/0206snapshot.asp National Eating Disorder Association . (2016). Get the facts on eating disorders. Retrieved June 25, 2017, from National eating disorders : https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/get-facts-eating- disorders

National Eating Disorder Collaboration. (2017, February 22) National Eating Disorder Collaboration. (2017, February 22). NEDC Fact Sheet- Bulimia Nervosa. Retrieved from National Eating Disorder Collaboration: http://www.nedc.com.au/files/Resources/Bulimia %20Nervosa%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf Poulsen, S., Lunn, S., Daniel, S., Folke, S., Mathiesen, B., Katznelson, H., & Fairburn, C. (2014, January). A randomized controlled trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy. The American Journal of Psychiatry , 171(1), 109-116. doi:https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp. 2013.12121511 Roberts, C. (2015). Telling histories: the scientific study of puberty. In Puberty in crisis: the sociology of early sexual development. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. S.J., C., J.E., M., R.D., C., S.A., S., S., W., & K., L. (2009, June). The cost effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa delivered via telemedicine versus face-to-face. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47(6), 451-453. doi:doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.02.006 Striegel-Moore, R. H., Rosselli, F., Perrin, N., DeBar, L., Wilson, G. T., May, A., & Kraemer, H. C. (2009). Gender difference in the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 42, 471-474. doi:doi:10.1002/eat.20625 Valenti, J. (2007). Beauty cult. In Full frontal feminism : a young woman's guide to why feminism matters (2nd ed., pp. 150-200). Berkley, CA: Seal Press. Waller, G., Evans, J., & Pugh, M. (2013, September). Food for thought: A pilot study for changing eating patterns within. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51(9), 519-525. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat. 2013.06.001 Walsh, T., & Cameron, V. (2005). Understanding eating disorders: What they are and what to expect. In If you adolescent has an eating disorder: An essential resource for parents (pp. 8-56). New York: Oxford University Press. Westbrook, D., Kennerley, H., & Kirk, J. (2011). Basic theory, development and current status of cbt. In An introduction to cognitive behaviour therapy (pp. 1-9). London: SAGE Publications. General Guidelines for Creating an Effective Poster Posters need to be read by attendees from a distance of 3 feet or more, so lettering on illustrations should be large and legible. The title should be in very large type, 84 pt. or larger. Do NOT use all capitals for titles and headings. It makes them hard to read. Text on panels should be between 18 and 24 pt. to be legible. Use double or 1.5 spacing between lines of text. Keep each panel relatively short and to the point. More than 25 lines won't get read, but 15 to 18 usually will. Framing the text by putting a box around it will also help readers to focus. Choose a simple font such as Times, Helvetica or Prestige Elite and stick with it. Avoid overuse of outlining and shadowing, it can be distracting. To make something stand out, use a larger font size, bold or underline instead. Whenever possible, use graphs, charts, tables, figures, pictures or lists instead of text to get your points across. Make sure your presentation flows in a logical sequence. It should have an introduction, body and conclusion, just like any other presentation. Posters don’t need to be "arty". Simplicity, ease of reading, etc., are more important than artistic flair. In a room full of posters, consider the visual impact your presentation needs to make in order to attract readers. Use colors behind panels to increase contrast and impact, but avoid fluorescent colors which will make things hard to read when someone gets closer. Consider bringing extra copies of your data and conclusions.