Ananlisis Keputusan Uncovering Core Problem
Proses Keputusan EXPLORING ASSESSING TESTING LEARNING
The Decision Process
Stage 1 EXPLORING Core Problem Aims Alternatives
Stage 2 ASSESSING Future Conditions Criteria
Stage 3 TESTING Sensitivity Analysis
Stage 4 LEARNING Outcome Determination Missed Opportunities
The Importance of Problem Finding Solution as Problems Symptoms as Problem Misplaced Urgency Available Information
Problem Situation Situation 1, Task Situation 2, Structured problem Situation 3, Unstructured problem Situation 4, Structured opportunities Situation 5, Unstructured opportunities Situation 6, Solutions searching for uses Situation 7, Idea searches Situation 8, Undefined opportunities
Problem as Tasks Problem, expectations, and way to respond are all know
Structured Problem Problem and expectations are know But ways to respond are unknown
Unstructured Problem Problem and way to respond are unknown But expectations are known
Structured Opportunities Problem and ways to respond are known But expectations are unknown
Unstructured Opportunities Problem is known But expectation and ways to respond are unknown
Solution Searching for Uses Problem and expectations are unknown But a potentially useful idea exists
Idea Searches Problem is unknown But Expectations and ways to respond are known
Undefined Opportunities Problem Expectations Way to respond are all unknown
Determining Core Problem Persuasive vendor Symptomatic signal Misplaced urgency Available information
Managing Conflict Vigilant information processing To deal with for demand power Coalition Formation
Problem Identification Preliminary Problem Listing Sorting The “5W” Procedure Problem Exploration as Diagnosis
The “5W” Procedure Who What Where When Why
Coalition Building Coalition Identification Emotional Inoculation
Coalition Management with the Decision Seminar The Social Process Model Seminar Procedure
Seminar Procedure Gathering and processing information Exploring alternatives Promoting specific recommendations (for example, combined options) Developing general rules Applying the rules to conduct a valuation of alternatives Appraising the alternatives and recommendations Providing the framework for choice
Seminar Procedure Intelligence Promotion Invocation Prescription Application Termination Valuation
Key Points Problem Identification and exploration procedure can be used in the analytical, group, and mixed-mode decision processes The mixed-mode process calls for more elaborate procedures to deal with the stress-induced conflict in tough decisions