The Reformation

Erasmus (In praise of folly): Credited as “pre-reformation” he laid the foundation for the reformation. “Laid the egg that luther hatched”

I. The Biggest reason for the reformation: Corruption in the Catholic Church Corrupt Popes—Many popes were very selfish. Corrupt Church officials Offices were used to advance careers and get rich. Local priests seemed ignorant of their spiritual duties As a result… Relics & Indulgences came into widespread use Indulgences: Slips of paper that pardoned some or all of a person’s punishment in purgatory.

II. Martin luther Background A monk best known for starting the Protestant Reformation.

Martin luther, cont. Why (else) did he act? To respond to the aggressive marketing tactics used by Tetzel in selling indulgences.

C. What did he (Luther) do? Wittenberg Church On October 31, 1517, Luther posted 95 Theses on the Church door at Wittenberg.

C. What did Luther do, cont. The 95 Theses challenged the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. Martin Luther (The Reformer) 95 Theses Martin Luther KING, Jr. “I Have A Dream

3 main points that luther challenged Salvation by faith alone (Sola Fide) Scripture alone (Sola Scriptura) The Bible is the ONLY authority for the Christian. Priesthood of all believers. All Christians are “priests”

Gutenberg!? Thousands of copies of the 95 Theses were printed and distributed thanks to the printing press

Reformation: The beginning The posting of the 95 Theses is considered the beginning of the Reformation.

Excommunicated: Kicked out of the church In 1521- The church (Pope Leo X—Giovanni de Medici) excommunicated Martin Luther. Excommunicated: Kicked out of the church

Luther outlawed He was summoned to appear before the imperial diet (legislative assembly) of the Holy Roman Empire in the city of Worms.

Luther outlawed The emperor (Charles V) thought he could get Luther to recant. But, Luther refused, angering the emperor

Luther outlawed So, Charles V passed the Edict of Worms, which made Luther an outlaw After the trial at the Diet of Worms, Luther’s local ruler protected him at the castle Wartburg, where he completed translating the New Testament from Latin into German. . After the trial, Luther’s local ruler protected him at the castle of Wartburg, where he completed translating the New Testament from Latin into German.

Luther outlawed German rulers took control of the Catholic churches and formed state churches. Luther set up new services to replace Mass, emphasized reading the Bible in services, preaching the word of God, and song. 6. German rulers took control of Catholic churches and formed state churches. Luther set up new services to replace Mass, emphasized reading the Bible in services, preaching the word of God, and song. In the Peasants’ Revolt of 1524-5, Luther lost popular appeal when he refused to defend the peasants’ revolt. Luther was anti-Semitic; he possibly went crazy later in his life.

Luther’s struggles In the Peasants’ Revolt of 1524-1525, Luther lost popular appeal when he refused to defend the peasants’ revolt. Also, Luther was anti-Semitic (Anti-Jewish) He may have even gone crazy later in his life. In the Peasants’ Revolt of 1524-5, Luther lost popular appeal when he refused to defend the peasants’ revolt. Luther was anti-Semitic; he possibly went crazy later in his life.

Politics in the German reform Charles made peace with the Lutheran princes in 1555’s Peace of Augsburg. The Peace of Augsburg accepted the division of Christianity within Germany, allowing German states to choose between Catholicism or Lutheranism. III Politics in the German Reform. A. Charles made peace with the Lutheran princes in 1555’s Peace of Augsburg. 1. It accepted the division of Christianity within Germany, allowing German states to choose between Catholicism or Lutheranism.

Effects of the peace of augsburg The Peace of Augsburg forever ruined the chances of a unified Church. Journal Response: Do you think the Church would be better off as one church or many denominations? (You may argue both sides) 3. The Peace of Augsburg forever ruined the chances of a unified Church. Do you think the Church would be better off as one church or many denominations?

Three other reformers Ulrich Zwingli His sermons on the absolute authority of the Bible marked the beginning of the Reformation in Switzerland

John Calvin He wrote Institutes of the Christian Religion He believed in predestination—that God had determined in advance who would be saved (the elect) and those who would be damned (the reprobate)

predestination “God preordained, for his own glory and the display of His attributes of mercy and justice, a part of the human race, without any merit of their own, to eternal salvation, and another part, in just punishment of their sin, to eternal damnation.” 

Institutes of Christian religion “In forming an estimate of sins, we are often imposed upon by imagining that the more hidden the less heinous they are.”  “We are not to look to what men in themselves deserve but to attend to the image of God which exists in all and to which we owe all honor and love.” 

In 1536, Calvin began reforming Geneva, Switzerland

John Knox Knox came under the influence of John Calvin He spread the Reformation to Scotland He is recognized as the father of the Protestant Reformation in Scotland.

John Knox, cont. “Presbyters” or early leaders (elders) in the Protestant churches in Scotland, were followers of Knox His followers were known as Presbyterians

The reformation in England