The Human Body: An Orientation 1 P A R T B The Human Body: An Orientation

Anatomical Position Body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs point away from body Figure 1.7a

Directional Terms Table 1.1a

Directional Terms Table 1.1b

Body Planes Figure 1.8

Body Cavities Cranial cavity (contains brain) Thoracic Dorsal body Diaphragm Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Pelvic cavity (contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) Vertebral cavity (contains spinal cord) Key: Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity Thoracic (contains heart and lungs) (a) Lateral view Figure 1.9a

Body Cavities Key: Cranial Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity (thoracic and abdomino- pelvic cavities) Abdomino- cavity Superior mediastinum Pleural Cranial Vertebral Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum Diaphragm Abdominal cavity (contains digestive viscera) Pelvic cavity (contains bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum) Thoracic (contains heart and lungs) (b) Anterior view Key: Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity Figure 1.9b

Ventral Body Cavity Membranes Parietal serosa lines internal body walls Visceral serosa covers the internal organs Serous fluid separates the serosae

Serous Membrane Relationship Figure 1.10a

Heart Serosae Figure 1.10b

Other Body Cavities Figure 1.13

Abdominopelvic Regions Figure 1.11a

Organs of the Abdominopelvic Regions Figure 1.11b

Abdominopelvic Quadrants Right upper Left upper Right lower Left lower Figure 1.12