In your Interactive Notebook: Unit.Lesson 1.3 Experimental Research Lesson ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: ­­­How do psychologists design and perform scientifically valid experiments? DAILY COMMENTARY Complete in google classroom: You are designing a survey for HS Football coaches to learn about concussion protocols. Write one question for the survey now. Today’s Goals: I can correctly distinguish between dependent and independent variables Today’s Plan: Readings for this Lesson: Myers 36-39 Due this Lesson PT 1.3 Readings for NEXT Lesson: Myers 39-44 Due NEXT Lesson PT 1.3 (includes lesson 4 & 5 content) Review Packet Due: 9/19 UNIT TEST: 9/21

Performance Task 1.3: In groups of three, develop a psychological hypothesis and design a scientifically valid experiment to test it. An example hypothesis could be: “third graders who wear purple socks are more likely to blow their noses than other students.” Experiments should include a narrative section that: Establishes a clear relationship between and understanding of dependent & independent variable Describes an experiment designed to produce scientifically valid results by applying and clearly describing the relevance of at least three controls. These may include: operational definitions; random assignment, placebo, double-blind procedure; Hawthorne Effect; Explains how experiment data / results will be presented using descriptive statistics & provides visual example showing (fictionalized) results of experiment Demonstrates an understanding of ethical factors influencing research methods

Survey Population The total # of people in the world that could take the survey. For example, if the survey seeks to understand the behaviors of people trying to quit smoking, the population would be EVERY smoker in the world

PT 1.2 – Survey Design Read the article (linked in classroom) about survey questionnaires. Use the links to the right to learn about different types of survey questions & survey design. Review the rubric for PT 1.2, & complete it: work with a partner to develop five survey questions on a topic of your choice (or assigned topic). Submit, along with your survey questions, a memo explaining why the research being conducted lends itself to survey research and the considerations that went into the survey construction, as well as instructions for how to administer the survey in a scientifically valid manner.

Survey Review & Assignment Share out some of your survey questions What controls must be in place for a survey to be valid?

Exploring Cause and Effect Experimentation Exploring Cause and Effect Like other sciences, experimentation is the backbone of psychology research. Experiments isolate causes and their effects. OBJECTIVE 12| Explain how experiments help researchers isolate cause and effect. Psychology 7e in Modules

A summary of steps during experimentation.

Exploring Cause & Effect Many factors influence our behavior. Experiments (1) manipulate factors that interest us, while other factors are kept under (2) control. Effects generated by manipulated factors isolate cause and effect relationships.

Independent Variable An Independent Variable is a factor manipulated by the experimenter. The effect of the independent variable is the focus of the study. For example, when examining the effects of breast feeding upon intelligence, breast feeding is the independent variable. OBJECTIVE 14| Explain the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable. Psychology 7e in Modules

Dependent Variable A Dependent Variable is a factor that may change in response to an independent variable. In psychology, it is usually a behavior or a mental process. For example, in our study on the effect of breast feeding upon intelligence, intelligence is the dependent variable.

Controls on Experiments Double-blind Procedure In evaluating drug therapies, patients and experimenter’s assistants should remain unaware of which patients had the real treatment and which patients had the placebo treatment. OBJECTIVE 13| Explain why random assignment and double-blind procedure build confidence in research findings. Psychology 7e in Modules

Controls on Experiments Random Assignment Assigning participants to experimental (Breast-fed) and control (formula-fed) conditions by random assignment minimizes pre-existing differences between the two groups. Sometime research participants out of enthusiasm or personal beliefs can affect the out come of an experiment. To control for such affects, a double-blind procedure is used, in which the participants and the experimenter’s assistants are not aware of which participants got real treatment and who got placebo. Psychology 7e in Modules

Controls on Expermients Operational Definitions Required for replication Involve numbers and must be quantifiable Weight Dosage Decibel Etc.

Evaluating the Reliability of Experiments Confounding variables Unpredictable (or unexpected) factors that may skew the results A heart rate study in which one subject was nearly hit by a car on the way to the lab Early “studies” of intelligence found correlations between race and intelligence Did not consider educational background, history of oppression, etc. Replication – can someone else re-create the study and get similar results?

Pick up Monday

In your Interactive Notebook: Unit.Lesson 1.3 Experimental Research Lesson ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: ­­­How do psychologists design and perform scientifically valid experiments? DAILY COMMENTARY Complete in google classroom: Today’s Goals: I can correctly distinguish between dependent and independent variables Today’s Plan: Experiment Analsys Intro to Free Response Questions Readings for this Lesson: Myers 36-39 Due this Lesson PT 1.3 Readings for NEXT Lesson: Myers 39-44 Due NEXT Lesson PT 1.3 (includes lesson 4 & 5 content) Review Packet Due: 9/19 UNIT TEST: 9/21

Evaluating the Reliability of Experiments Hawthorne Effect – people behave differently when they know that they are being studied

Independent Practice SpongeBob activity (take out handout from Friday)

Experiment Analysis Read each experiment description Identify the: Hypothesis Independent varaiable Dependent variable Control group Experiment group Design flaws in the experiment

Performance Task 1.3 Design your own experiment Work in groups (may have one group of 2) Be creative (you are designing but not actually performing the experiment) BE SURE TO INCLUDE Hypothesis Control group & experiment group Dependent & independent variables Discuss a potentially confounding variable Be specific about 3 controls on the experiment Explain how you would represent your results statistically Group with the most creative experiment gets 3 bonus points on our first exam

Structure of the AP Psych Exam 2 hour exam 70 minutes to answer 100 multiple choice (MC) questions 50 minutes to answer two free response questions (FRQ)

AP Exam Grading Formula 2/3 of grade based on Multiple Choice 1/3 of grade based on FRQ Composite score is based on 150 points 1 point for each correct MC question 50 points based on FRQ FRQ points earned times 3.125 (usually there are 16 points available on the FRQ section, so multiply each point you earn times 3.125; 16x3.125=50 Add MC points to FRQ points

Grading the AP Exam Composite scores are broken down into ranges to assign 1-5 scores. It is different each year, but here is one example of the score ranges from 2007 5: 113-150 (outstanding!!!) 4: 93-112 (my minimum standard for you) 3: 77-93 (accepted by some—not all—colleges) 2: 65-76 1: 0-64

How to Answer a Psych FRQ Read the prompt twice. Identify the number of points available. Plan out how to earn each available point. Write in complete sentences. The grader will not read it and you will score a zero if you don’t. Name and apply each required term in the prompt. When responding to each section of the prompt, make sure the reader knows that you are doing so by restating that part of the prompt. Simple definitions will not score. You must provide examples that illustrate your understanding of the term. Move on. This is not an english or history essay. This is pinball Once you feel you have earned a point, stop explaining that concept and move on. You cannot earn a point twice.

FRQs in our class Treat them like an AP style FRQ This is a writing process grade You will improve and get faster with time. The key is to KNOW YOUR VOCABULARY so that you can apply it.

PRACTICE FRQ Dr. Green is interested in studying what causes individuals to have distinct preferences in the type of music they listen to. Write a short memo for Dr. Green in which you consider the strengths and/or weaknesses of each research type listed below; then make a recommendation of which you think would be most effective. Naturalistic observation Survey Case study Cross sectional study Longitudinal study Experiment In addition, your memo should include a note that: Defines and explains the importance of one control on experiments Describes the Hawthorne Effect and indicates why Dr. Green should be wary of it

FRQ Analysis How many points are there? What does the prompt ask you to do? What do you have to do to earn the first 6 points? What do you have to do to earn the last two points?

FRQ Review If you think you earned the point, read your response for that section. WHOLE CLASS: As soon as they have earned the point, yell “BANG!” RUBRIC: NO S CS C-SS LS E C HE

Exit Pass How did you feel about the FRQ? How is the class going so far? Have you had any trouble keeping up with reading assignments?

DQ’S, Updates & Reminders BIG PICTURE Friday Quizzes September 12 Projects Due Survey Questions: 9/9 Experiment Project: 9/11 Unit Exam: Tues, Sept 16 Today: DC & Discussion Experiment Design Free Response Question Tonight’s Homework: RJ 1.6 Griggs 10-13 & 20-26 or Myers 30-35 & 39-44 Continue thinking about & working on your project

How do psychologists conduct reliable and ethical research? In your Interactive Notebook: Unit.Day 1.8 Experiment Projects & Exam Review Unit 1 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS: What is (and isn’t) Psychology? How do psychologists conduct reliable and ethical research? Daily Commentary Describe the difference between a random sample and random assignment? Calculate the standard deviation for the following quiz scores: 9, 7, 5, 8, 7 TURN IN: Any late work Make sure your vocab cards are ready for tomorrow ON YOUR DESK: 1) reading journal 2) Daily commentary notebook 3) Materials for your experiment presentation Today’s OBJECTIVE(S) -- WRITE THESE DOWN: I can define the criteria of an ethical experiment

Exam Format Timed test: 35 Questions in 30 minutes. This is more time than you will have per question on the AP exam. Your second exam will match the timing you will have on the AP exam. The unit 2 exam will have 50 MC questions and you will have 35 minutes. 1 Free Response Question (25 minutes)

DQ’S, Updates & Reminders BIG PICTURE Friday Quizzes today & September 6 Projects Due Thursday, September 5th Experiment Project Unit Exam: Monday, September 9th Today: Discussion of Experiments PsychSim5 Review Modules Review game Tonight’s Homework: Prepare for exam. Make sure your vocab cards are finished and that you KNOW AND CAN APPLY your vocab.

Presenting your Experiments All group members come to the front Describe the experiment Keep it under 3 minutes, if possible. RUBRIC: Hypothesis Control Group IV DV CV C1 C2 C3 Statistics Each student presents Overall experiment design is sound 2 3 4

Use PsychSim modules to review Google search: psychsim5 Choose from these modules: Correlation What’s Wrong with This Study Only if time Psychology’s Timeline Take another look at Descriptive Statistics

Major Experiments Milgram’s Obedience Study (1964) What was it?

Major Experiments Ken & Mamie Clark (1939-1940) Racial attitudes, beauty, & self perception Asked white and black children their preferences among white and black dolls Cited in Brown v. Board ruling by Supreme Court http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ybDa0gSuAcg

Major Experiments Bandura’s Bobo Doll Experiment Monkey see, monkey do http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hHHdovKHDNU

Masters & Johnson Research on sexual motivation and the sexual response cycle http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bCr0mJ6uDn8 Highly controversial; observed individuals in the act of sex and measured their physiological responses

Review Game: Taboo Two Teams: Each team has an actor/drawer/performer I will assign a term, and each performer must get their team to say that term by acting it out or drawing a diagram