Do Now Explain the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

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Presentation transcript:

Do Now Explain the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

Unit 2 : Research Methods How do psychologists ask and answers questions – PART 3 (Experiments)

Experiments Experiment A research method Manipulated variables Isolates cause and effect EX: Aspirin (independent) decreases headaches (dependent)  30 people, 15 get aspirin (experimental group) & 15 get sugar pill but they don’t know it (control group), all 30 people had equal opp of being in control or experimental (random assignment)

Experiments – Random Assignment All participants in sample have opportunity to be in control group or experimental group Eliminates alternative explanations Confounding variables EX: age, gender, height, previous medical history…etc Different than random sample Sample= equal opp for members of population to take part in experiment Assignment= equal opp of all sample participants to be in control group or experimental group

Single Blind v. Double Blind Single blind experiment Only the research knows who is in control group (receiving fake treatment) and experimental group (receiving real treatment) Double blind experiment Research and participants don’t know who is in which group EX: researcher doesn’t know who is getting the aspirin and the participants don’t know if they are getting real aspirin Both consider the placebo effect A patient thinks they are getting better all in their head not the actual drug This is why you want a control group

Groups Control Group Experimental Group Not exposed to treatment Usually given a placebo (fake treatment like a sugar pill) Is there to compare results to experimental group EX: gets a sugar pill instead of aspirin Experimental Group Exposed to treatment (independent variable) EX: gets aspirin

Variables Independent Variable Dependent Variable The thing be manipulated or changed You want to know the effect of this thing EX: aspirin or sugar pill Dependent Variable What you are measuring This changes based on the independent variable EX: do you still have the headache Confounding Variables Factors that could effect the experiment EX: age, gender, pre-existing medical issues

Putting it all together!!

Oreo Cookie Demo Theory = Oreo Cookies Improve Memory Hypothesis = If you eat an Oreo you will score higher on a memory quiz Experiment Oper Defs = scoring 8 on higher on memory quiz Random assignment Accounts for confounding variables…. Like what? Control = no oreo Experimental = getting oreo Independent variable = oreo Dependent variable = score on memory quiz

HW HW = Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life