6.4 Covalent Bonding

Covalent Bonds Covalent Bond - a chemical bond in which two atoms share a pair of valence electrons. Covalent bonds take place in between non-metals. Non-metals both need more electrons to fill their outer valence, so the only way to bond together is to share the valence electrons in each atom.

Molecules Molecules - a neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds. The positive protons in one nucleus attracts to the negative electrons of the other atom.

Multiple Covalent Bonds Single Bond - when atoms share one pair of valence electrons Double Bond - when atoms share two pair of valence electrons Triple Bond - when atoms share three pair of valence electrons

Covalent Structures Can be very simple two atom molecule or very complex lattices Ex. O2, Diamonds (Carbon lattice)

Oxygen Caffeine Diamond

Comparing Covalent and Ionic Bonds Types of Atoms Metals and Nonmetals Nonmetal and Nonmetal Electron Behavior Electrons lost and gained to create ions Electrons shared Bonding Positive Ion attracts to Negative Ion Positive Nucleus attracts to negative shared electrons Structure Crystal Lattice Molecules, Lattice Structures