Climate and Climate Change CHAPTER NEW CHAPTER Climate and Climate Change the BIG idea Climates are long-term weather patterns that may change over time. 18.1 Climate is a long-term weather pattern. 18.2 Earth has a variety of climates. 18.3 Climates can change suddenly or slowly. CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER RESOURCES

18.1 Climate is a long-term weather pattern. The main factors that influence climate are climate latitude • latitude marine climate • altitude continental climate ocean current • distance from large bodies of water season • ocean currents SIMULATION Explore the effects of latitude and altitude. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

18.1 Climate is a long-term weather pattern. Seasonal changes are also part of climate patterns. climate latitude These photos show the same rice fields in India at different times of the year. Dry Season Wet Season marine climate continental climate ocean current season CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Earth has a variety of climates. 18.2 Earth has a variety of climates. Scientists usually group climates by temperature and precipitation. There are six major climate zones. The six major climate zones of this classification system are: humid tropical, Dry moist mid-latitude with mild winters moist mid-latitude with severe winters Polar Highland climate zone microclimate urban heat island rain shadow CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Earth has a variety of climates. 18.2 Earth has a variety of climates. Climate zones can be divided into subclimates. Subclimates are divided into smaller areas called microclimates. climate zone microclimate urban heat island rain shadow CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Earth has a variety of climates. 18.2 Earth has a variety of climates. How can this mountain have snow on it if it’s located in a warm climate? climate zone microclimate urban heat island rain shadow CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Earth has a variety of climates. 18.2 Earth has a variety of climates. How do oceans affect climate? climate zone microclimate urban heat island rain shadow CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Climates can change suddenly or slowly. 18.3 Climates can change suddenly or slowly. Natural events, such as eruptions of volcanoes, can change climate. ice age El Niño CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Climates can change suddenly or slowly. 18.3 Climates can change suddenly or slowly. Slow movement of continents can change climates. ice age El Niño CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Climates can change suddenly or slowly. 18.3 Climates can change suddenly or slowly. El Niño (ehl NEEN-yoh) is a disturbance of wind patterns and ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean and causes a change in climates. ice age El Niño CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Climates can change suddenly or slowly. 18.3 Climates can change suddenly or slowly. Human activities that release greenhouse gases are also changing climate by causing a global rise in temperature. ice age El Niño This ice sheet on a mountain in Peru has shrunk 820 meters (2690 ft) in 19 years. CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

Climates can change suddenly or slowly. 18.3 Climates can change suddenly or slowly. Human activities are changing climate: By 2100 global temperature will rise 1.4°C – 5.8 °C (2.5 °F – 10.4°F). Earth hasn’t warmed so rapidly at any time in at least the last 10,000 years. What ways will global warming impact Earth? Sea levels will rise as ice melts. Wildlife will be endangered. Agriculture will be harmed. Humans will have more heat related illness and possible deaths. ice age El Niño CHAPTER RESOURCES SECTION OUTLINE

18.1 Climate is a long-term weather pattern. I. Climate is a long-term weather pattern. climate A. Geography affects climate. latitude 1. Latitude marine climate 2. Altitude continental climate 3. Large Bodies of Water ocean current 4. Ocean Currents season B. Seasonal changes are part of climate. 1. Temperature Patterns 2. Precipitation Patterns CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Earth has a variety of climates. 18.2 Earth has a variety of climates. II. Earth has a variety of climates. climate zone A. Scientists have identified six major climate zones. microclimate urban heat island B. Natural features and human activity can affect local climate. rain shadow 1. Urban Heat Islands 2. Rain Shadows CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Climates can change suddenly or slowly. 18.3 Climates can change suddenly or slowly. III. Climates can change suddenly or slowly. ice age A. Climates cool when particles block sunlight. El Niño B. Climates change as continents move. C. Some climate changes repeat over time. 1. El Niño D. Human activities are changing climate. 1. Predictions of Climate Change 2. Impact of Global Warming CHAPTER RESOURCES KEY CONCEPT SUMMARY

Chapter Resources Image Gallery CHAPTER HOME Chapter Resources Image Gallery Click here to view chapter images and animations Click on the items below to access resources on CLASSZONE.COM Audio Readings Hear chapter audio readings Resource Centers Get more information on select science topics Content Review Review key concepts and vocabulary Standardized Test Practice Practice state standardized tests Math Tutorial Review math concepts BACK TO CHAPTER