Learning targets for the Cell… I CAN Day 1: Explain the cell theory List the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Days 2 & 3: Identify & define the function of the organelles Create a Venn diagram to illustrate the similarities and differences between an animal & plant cell Compare organelles in unicellular organisms to the body systems in multicellular organism Use an analogy to explain how the organelles function SMP - LE 2013 notes
Boy! What a little cell can do! The Cell and it’s Parts! Boy! What a little cell can do! http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cells/ SMP - LE 2013 notes
smallest unit of life that is capable of performing life functions. The Cell is the…. smallest unit of life that is capable of performing life functions.
Organization Cells Tissues Organs Organ systems Organism Muscle cell Smooth muscle Stomach Digestive YOU Tissue organ System SMP - LE 2013 notes
History of the cell? Compound light microscope SMP - LE 2013 notes
The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things New cells are produced from existing cells EXCEPTION to the cell theory: viruses SMP - LE 2013 notes
Cells have 3 Main Jobs ATP 1. Making energy to fuel daily life & growth, the cell must… take in nutrients, oxygen (O2) make ATP (mitochondria) remove waste (carbon dioxide) ATP SMP - LE 2013 notes
Our organelles do all these jobs! 2. Make proteins (ribosomes) proteins do all the work in a cell, so we need lots of them 3. Make more cells (during mitosis) for growth to replace damaged or diseased cells SMP - LE 2013 notes
Cells come in all shapes and sizes… How Big is a cell... ?
Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Bacteria Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Skin cell
TYPES OF CELLS Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Have cell membrane Have cytoplasm DNA is free floating in cytoplasm NO NUCLEUS Bacteria! Eukaryotes Have cell membrane Have cytoplasm DNA is contained IN NUCLEUS Have organelles Specialized structures with specific functions SMP - LE 2013 notes
CELL STRUCTURE Plant and animal cells differ slightly in the organelles they contain
Organelles - “little organs of the cell” The following organelles are in BOTH plant and animal cells (Eukaryotes ) VIDEO: http://www.brainpop.com/science/cellularlifeandgenetics/cellstructures/
Cell Membrane: The Video Clip
Site of chemical reactions Contained by cell membrane OVER 80% water Functions: Semi–permeable; Regulates what goes in and out of cell Receives signals from other cells (in multicellular orgs) 2. Cytoplasm: Function: Site of chemical reactions Contained by cell membrane OVER 80% water SMP - LE 2013 notes
Nucleus
3. Nucleus LABEL Function: ME nucleolus 4. Nucleolus: Contains DNA (chromatin) “Control center” of cell Surrounded by nuclear membrane 4. Nucleolus: Center of nucleus Site of ribosome synthesis LABEL ME nucleolus Nuclear membrane SMP - LE 2013 notes
Ribosomes: The Video Clip
5. Ribosomes (the protein makers) Function: Site of protein synthesis “Little dots” 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Assembly of cell parts and transport “Smooth” has no ribosomes “Rough” has ribosomes on surface 7. Golgi Apparatus (The “Post Office” of the cell) Proteins are packaged and shipped here SMP - LE 2013 notes
Site of cellular respiration Releasing energy (ATP) from food 8. Mitochondria Function: Site of cellular respiration Releasing energy (ATP) from food “Powerhouse” of the cell 9. Vacuole Empty space used for storage Much LARGER in plant cells…WHY? Need to store water and starch SMP - LE 2013 notes
Vacuoles in One celled Organisms Add to bottom of note sheet Vacuoles in One celled Organisms Crucial in maintaining homeostasis Food Vacuole- stores and digests food Contractile vacuole- pumps excess water from cells
Ode to a Plant Cell: Cell Wall and Vacuole
ONLY IN PLANTS Cell Wall Non- living structure (cellulose) Function: Provides Support and Protection so that plants can grow tall. Surrounds cell membrane Non- living structure (cellulose) They allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through it.
Chloroplast
Chloroplast Chloroplast Function: Site of photosynthesis Uses sun’s energy and water to make food (glucose) giving off oxygen as a waste Chloroplast contain the pigment CHLOROPHYLL which makes most plants appear GREEN!! Chloroplast SMP - LE 2013 notes
ONLY IN ANIMAL CELLS CENTRIOLES Function: division of cells cylindrical structure in the cytoplasm located near the nucleus Lysosomes Contain enzymes that break down things
Animal Cell Nucleus Cell membrane Rough ER Smooth ER cytoplasm Golgi body mitochondria lysosome
Plant Cell Cell wall Cell Membrane Chloroplast vacuole Mitochondria Nucleus Golgi Body
Let’s compare unicellular to multicellular organisms! Nucleus Cell Membrane Lysosome Multicellular Nervous system Skin; Respiratory Digestive system
Let’s compare Animal and Plant cells Animal Cell Plant Cell Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm, Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, ER, Golgi Lysosomes Small Vacuoles Centrioles Round shape Cell Wall Chloroplasts Large Vacuole Rectangular shape SMP - LE 2013 notes
THE END SMP - LE 2013 notes