New Castle Sailing Club 02/21/13 New Castle Sailing Club Knots & Rules of the Road

Today’s Agenda Knots: Rules: Terms Basic knots and uses 02/21/13 Today’s Agenda Knots: Terms Basic knots and uses Practice, Practice, Practice! Rules: Why Rules? Rules Sources: Practical Rules Coast Guard Racing Rules

Knots Some Knot Types: Other Terms: Bend – joins two lines 02/21/13 Knots Some Knot Types: Bend – joins two lines Hitch – attaches line to something Stopper Knot – tied to the end to prevent fraying or passing of end through hole Other Terms: Bitter End – tail end of mooring line Tail – short end, the part getting knotted Standing End – the long end, the part not knotted Flake – to lay rope neatly on deck ready for use

02/21/13 Knots

02/21/13 Why Rules? Safety Peace of Mind Fairness in Racing

Which Rules? Practical Rules Coast Guard 02/21/13 Which Rules? Practical Rules Governed by “common sense” Coast Guard Based primarily on COLREG (1972) Inland and International International Sailing Federation Governs the Sport of Sailing RRS (2013-2016) – revised every 3 years

Practical Rules Safety is most important Avoiding collision 02/21/13 Practical Rules Safety is most important Avoiding collision NCSC strives to be courteous to all fellow sailors Yielding to shipping traffic in the channel Having rights doesn’t relieve you from responsibility of safety and collision avoidance

Coast Guard Rules – Any Condition of Visibility 02/21/13 Coast Guard Rules – Any Condition of Visibility Lookout maintain proper lookout at all times Safe Speed maintain a speed which allows proper action to avoid collision Avoiding Collision Positive Action Apparent and Obvious Action Made in Good Time Narrow Channels Sailing vessel shall not impede passage of vessel within narrow channel

Coast Guard Rules – In Sight of One Another 02/21/13 Coast Guard Rules – In Sight of One Another Sail vs. Sail Power vs. Sail Power vs. Power Similar to the ISF Rules: Port / Starboard Windward / Leeward Clear-Ahead / Clear-Astern Right-Of-Way Vessel Must Maintain a Steady Course Power must give way to Sail, Except: When the Sailboat Is Overtaking a Powerboat When the Powerboat Is Unable To Maneuver When the Powerboat Is engaged in Fishing With Nets Lines, Trawls or other fishing apparatus which restricts maneuverability In a narrow channel or confined waterway which restricts the Powerboat’s Maneuverability Two Powerboats approaching from opposite directions should pass port side to port side When Two Powerboats are crossing, the vessel that has the other to its starboard side must keep clear When One Powerboat is Overtaking Another, the Overtaking Powerboat must keep clear

The ISF Racing Rules (RRS) 02/21/13 The ISF Racing Rules (RRS) Parts 1 – 7 contain rules that affect all competitors: Part 1: Fundamental Rules Part 2: When Boats Meet Part 3: Conducting a Race Part 4: Other Requirements When Racing Part 5: Protests, Redress, Hearings, Misconduct and Appeals Part 6: Entry and Qualification Part 7: Race Organization Appendices A – Q provide details of rules, rules that apply to particular kinds of racing, and rules that affect only a small number of the competitors or officials. Definitions Race Signals

Rules Changes for 2013 Definitions: Keep Clear Mark Room Room Rules: 02/21/13 Rules Changes for 2013 Definitions: Keep Clear Mark Room Room Rules: 18.2 - room at the mark 18.3 - tacking in the zone 20 - room to tack an obstruction 21 - exoneration

Part 1-The Fundamental Rules 02/21/13 Part 1-The Fundamental Rules 1 SAFETY 1.1 Helping Those in Danger A boat or competitor shall give all possible help to any person or vessel in danger. (Safety is first priority) 1.2 Life-Saving Equipment and Personal Flotation Devices A boat shall carry adequate life-saving equipment for all persons on board, including one item ready for immediate use, unless her class rules make some other provision. Each competitor is individually responsible for wearing a personal flotation device adequate for the conditions. (1 PFD for each + throwable) 2 FAIR SAILING A boat and her owner shall compete in compliance with recognized principles of sportsmanship and fair play. A boat may be penalized under this rule only if it is clearly established that these principles have been violated. A disqualification under this rule shall not be excluded from the boat’s series score. (sportsmanship and fair play)

Part 1-The Fundamental Rules 02/21/13 Part 1-The Fundamental Rules 3 ACCEPTANCE OF THE RULES By participating in a race conducted under these racing rules, each competitor and boat owner agrees (a) to be governed by the rules; (b) to accept the penalties imposed and other action taken under the rules, subject to the appeal and review procedures provided in them, as the final determination of any matter arising under the rules; and (c) with respect to any such determination, not to resort to any court of law or tribunal. 4 DECISION TO RACE The responsibility for a boat’s decision to participate in a race or to continue racing is hers alone. 5 ANTI-DOPING A competitor shall comply with the World Anti-Doping Code, the rules of the World Anti- Doping Agency, and ISAF Regulation 21, Anti-Doping Code. An alleged or actual breach of this rule shall be dealt with under Regulation 21. It shall not be grounds for a protest and rule 63.1 does not apply.

Part 2—When Boats Meet Part 2 is divided into four sections: 02/21/13 Part 2—When Boats Meet Part 2 is divided into four sections: Section A – Right of Way Defines the responsibilities of give-way boats Section B – General Limitations Defines the limitations on all boats (right-of-way and give-way) Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Section D – Other Rules

But First....a few definitions 02/21/13 But First....a few definitions Tack, Starboard or Port A boat is on the tack, starboard or port, corresponding to her windward side. Wind Wind

But First....a few definitions 02/21/13 But First....a few definitions Leeward and Windward A boat’s leeward side is the side that is or, when she is head to wind, was away from the wind. However, when sailing by the lee or directly downwind, her leeward side is the side on which her mainsail lies. The other side is her windward side. When two boats on the same tack overlap, the one on the leeward side of the other is the leeward boat. The other is the windward boat.

But First....a few definitions 02/21/13 But First....a few definitions Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap One boat is clear astern of another when her hull and equipment in normal position are behind a line abeam from the aftermost point of the other boat’s hull and equipment in normal position. The other boat is clear ahead. They overlap when neither is clear astern. However, they also overlap when a boat between them overlaps both. These terms always apply to boats on the same tack. They do not apply to boats on opposite tacks unless rule 18 applies or both boats are sailing more than ninety degrees from the true wind. Overlap – Rule 18 applies. No overlap - Rule 18 does not apply. A and B are Overlapped, C is not overlapped with A or B because she is on the opposite tack. Clear Astern – not overlapped.

But First....a few definitions 02/21/13 But First....a few definitions Proper Course A course a boat would sail to finish as soon as possible in the absence of the other boats referred to in the rule using the term. A boat has no proper course before her starting signal. in the absence of other boats no proper course before the start

But First....a few definitions 02/21/13 But First....a few definitions Keep Clear A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat (a) if the right-of-way boat can sail her course with no need to take avoiding action and, (b) when the boats are overlapped, if the right-of-way boat can also change course in both directions without immediately making contact.

Part 2—When Boats Meet Section A – Right of Way: 02/21/13 Part 2—When Boats Meet Section A – Right of Way: Rule 10 – Opposite Tacks Port keeps clear of starboard Rule 11 – Same tack, overlapped Windward keeps clear of leeward Rule 12 – Same tack, not overlapped Clear astern keeps clear of clear ahead Rule 13 – Changing tacks by tacking Boat tacking keeps clear of other boats

Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way 02/21/13 Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way 10 – ON OPPOSITE TACKS When boats are on opposite tacks, a port- tack boat shall keep clear of a starboard tack boat. Port is burdened Starboard is RoW

Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way 02/21/13 Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way 11 – ON SAME TACK, OVERLAPPED When boats are on the same tack and overlapped, a windward boat shall keep clear of a leeward boat. Windward is burdened Leeward is RoW

Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way 02/21/13 Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way 12 – ON SAME TACK, NOT OVERLAPPED When boats are on the same tack and not overlapped, a boat clear astern shall keep clear of a boat clear ahead. Clear Astern is burdened Clear Ahead is RoW

Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way 02/21/13 Part 2 - Section A – Right of Way 13 – WHILE TACKING After a boat passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other boats until she is on a close-hauled course. During this time rules 10, 11, and 12 do not apply If two boats are subject to this rule at the same time, the one on the others port side or the one astern shall keep clear. Tacking boat is burdened

Part 2—When Boats Meet Section B – General Limitations 02/21/13 Part 2—When Boats Meet Section B – General Limitations Puts limits on the actions of the all boats including the right-of-way boats as well as the give-way boats: Rule 14 – Avoiding Contact Rule 15 – Acquiring Right of Way Rule 16 – Changing Course Rule 17 – On the Same Tack; Proper Course

Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations 02/21/13 Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations 14 – Avoiding Contact Sailing is not a contact sport Even the RoW boat shall avoid contact if reasonably possible The RoW boat may be penalized if there is contact that causes damage or injury. 2013 revision of language exonerates RoW boat entitled to room or mark-room as long as there’s no damage or injury

At position #1 YELLOW is RoW 02/21/13 Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations 15 – ACQUIRING RIGHT OF WAY When a boat acquires right of way, she shall initially give the other boat room to keep clear, At position #1 YELLOW is RoW At position #2, Blue becomes RoW YELLOW’s Responsibility at #2 – must keep clear BLUE’s Limitation at #2 – must initially give room to keep clear

Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations 02/21/13 Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations 16 – CHANGING COURSE 16.1 When a RoW boat changes course, she shall give the other boat room to keep clear. x 16.2 In addition, when after the starting signal a port-tack boat is keeping clear by sailing to pass astern of a starboard-tack boat, the starboard-tack boat shall not change course if as a result the port-tack boat would immediately need to change course to continue keeping clear..

Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations 02/21/13 Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations 17 – ON THE SAME TACK; PROPER COURSE If a boat clear astern becomes overlapped within two of her hull lengths to leeward of a boat on the same tack, she shall not sail above her proper course while they remain on the same tack and overlapped within that distance, …

Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations 02/21/13 Part 2 - Section B – General Limitations 17 – ON THE SAME TACK; PROPER COURSE If a boat clear astern becomes overlapped within two of her hull lengths to leeward of a boat on the same tack, she shall not sail above her proper course while they remain on the same tack and overlapped within that distance, … unless … she promptly sails astern of the other boat

Part 2 – Sections A&B Summary 02/21/13 Part 2 – Sections A&B Summary Section A (Right-of-Way): Rule 10 - Boats on Port must keep clear of boats on Starboard Rule 11 - Windward boats must keep clear of Leeward boats Rule 12 - Boats approaching from astern keep clear of boats ahead Rule 13 - Boats changing tacks keep clear of boats on a tack Section B (Limits and Responsibilities): Rule 14 - All boats must avoid contact Rule 15 - Boats acquiring RoW must give other boats time to respond Rule 16 - RoW boats changing course must give other boats time to respond Rule 17 - Boats overtaking others from astern don’t have luffing rights

Part 2—When Boats Meet Section C – At Marks and Obstructions 02/21/13 Part 2—When Boats Meet Section C – At Marks and Obstructions Section C rules do not apply at a starting mark surrounded by navigable water or at its anchor line from the time boats are approaching them to start until they have passed them. Rule 18 – Mark Room Rule 19 – Room to Pass an Obstruction Rule 20 – Room to Tack at an Obstruction Rule 21 – Exoneration

Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room When 18 Applies: 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room When 18 Applies: Both boats required to leave mark on same side, AND At least one of them is in the Zone When 18 Does Not Apply: Between boats on opposite tacks on windward beat Between boats on opposite tacks when proper course is for one of them to tack Between a boat approaching a mark and one leaving If the mark is a continuing obstruction

Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (a) – Overlapped at the Zone 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (a) – Overlapped at the Zone When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the inside boat mark-room

Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (b) – Clear Ahead at the Zone 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (b) – Clear Ahead at the Zone If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room.

Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (c) – Overlap Broken in the Zone 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (c) – Overlap Broken in the Zone When a boat is required to give mark-room by rule 18.2(b), (1) she shall continue to do so even if later an overlap is broken or a new overlap begins; (2) if she becomes overlapped inside the boat entitled to mark-room, she shall also give that boat room to sail her proper course while they remain overlapped. However, if the boat entitled to mark-room passes head to wind or leaves the zone, rule 18.2(b) ceases to apply.

Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (d) – Doubt 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (d) – Doubt If there is reasonable doubt that a boat obtained or broke an overlap in time, it shall be presumed she did not. Burden of proof lies with the person claiming overlap established or broken

Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (e) – Obtained Overlap 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.2 (e) – Obtained Overlap If a boat obtained an inside overlap from clear astern or by tacking to windward of the other boat and, from the time the overlap began, the outside boat has been unable to give mark room, she is not required to give it. Need to consider if outside boat had room give at the time overlap is established

Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.3 – Tacking in the Zone 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.3 – Tacking in the Zone If a boat in the zone passes head to wind and is then on the same tack as a boat that is fetching the mark, rule 18.2 does not thereafter apply between them. The boat that changed tack: (a) shall not cause the other boat to sail above close-hauled to avoid contact or prevent the other boat from passing the mark on the required side, and (b) shall give mark-room if the other boat becomes overlapped inside her. Limits rights for port tacker -- you better know you have room….

Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.4 – Gybing in the Zone 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 18 – Mark Room 18.4 – Gybing in the Zone When an inside overlapped right-of-way boat must gybe at a mark to sail her proper course, until she gybes she shall sail no farther from the mark than needed to sail that course. Rule 18.4 does not apply at a gate mark. Intended to address the gybe mark Proper course is to gybe to the next mark Once gybed, rule turns off

02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 18 Summary Rule 18.1 – establishes 3 boat-length zone, approaching mark (with exceptions) Rule 18.2 – inside overlapped boat gets room (with exceptions) Rule 18.3 – boat tacking inside the zone must not cause boat fetching the mark to sail above close-hauled Rule 18.4 – RoW boats gybing at the mark must sail proper course (not at gate)

Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction When Rule 19 Applies: At an obstruction that is not a mark of the course At a continuing obstruction regardless of whether it is a mark

Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction 19.2 (a) – Giving Room at Obstruction A right-of-way boat may choose to pass an obstruction on either side

Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction 19.2 (b) – Giving Room at Obstruction When overlapped, the outside boat shall give the inside boat room between her and the obstruction

Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 19 – Room at Obstruction 19.2 (c) – Giving Room at Obstruction Continuing obstruction Blue is clear astern and required to keep clear The moment Blue overlaps Yellow, if there is not room for her to pass between Yellow and the obstruction, she is not entitled to room. Br eakwater Shore

Part 2C – Rule 20 – Room to Tack at Obstruction 02/21/13 Part 2C – Rule 20 – Room to Tack at Obstruction Rule 20.1 – Hailing room to tack Rule 20.2 – Responding to hail for room to tack Rule 20.3 – Passing on hail to another boat