Importance of proper intake of organic compounds Sibor, jetra mae s. Tolentino, bryan joseph p.

TABLE OF CONTENTS BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS FATS LIPIDS STRUCTURES FUNCTIONS FOOD SOURCES

BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES A biomolecule or biological molecule is any molecule that is present in living organisms, including large macromolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary metabolites, and natural products Most biomolecules are organic compounds, and just four elements oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen make up 96% of the human body's mass. But many other elements, such as the various biometals, are present in small amounts.

CARBOHYDRATES The role of carbohydrates is to provide energy, as they are the body's main source of fuel, needed for physical activity, brain function and operation of the organs. All the cells and tissues in your body need carbs, and they are also important for intestinal health and waste elimination. Carbohydrates (also called saccharides) are molecular compounds made from just three elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Monosaccharides (e.g. glucose) and disaccharides (e.g. sucrose) are relatively small molecules. They are often called sugars. Carbohydrates are found in a wide array of both healthy and unhealthy foods—bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, soft drinks,corn, and cherry pie. They also come in a variety of forms. The most common and abundant forms are sugars, fibers, and starches.

PROTEINS The primary structure of a protein refers to the linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. The primary structure is held together by covalent bonds such as peptide bonds, which are made during the process of protein biosynthesis or translation. Protein is essential to the structure of red blood cells, for the proper functioning of antibodies resisting infection, for the regulation of enzymes and hormones, for growth, and for the repair of body tissue. Protein sources: Amino acids are the building blocks of protein and are found in a variety of foods. Eggs. A medium egg has around 6g of protein in an easily digestible form. ... Milk. Dairy foods are packed with protein and contain bone-building calcium, too. ... Yogurt. A combination of casein and whey protein, yogurt is a great protein-rich food. ... Fish and seafood. ... Soya. ... Pistachio nuts. ... Pork. ... Chicken and turkey.

FATS Three Functions of Fat in the Body. Fat is a backup source of energy to fuel your workout when carbohydrates are not available. Fat is an essential part of your diet. It provides energy, absorbs certain nutrients and maintains your core body temperature. Most fats are glycerides, particularly triglycerides (triesters of glycerol). One chain of fatty acid is bonded to each of the three -OH groups of the glycerol by the reaction of the carboxyl end of the fatty acid (-COOH) with the alcohol; I.e. three chains per molecule And when you cut back on red meat and dairy products, replace them with foods that contain healthy fats—fatty fish like salmon, nuts and seeds, plant oils, avocadoes—not with foods that are high in refined carbohydrates. Here is a table showing the top food sources of saturated fat in the American diet.

LIPIDS Lipid Biological Functions. It is now known that lipids play a much more importantrole in the body than previously believed. It was previously known that lipids played the role of storage of energy or forming cell membranes alone. Lipids has no single common structure. The most commonly occurring lipids are triglycerides and phospholipids. Triglycerides are fats and oils. Triglycerides have a glycerol backbone bonded to three fatty acids. From a nutritional standpoint, saturated fats have been linked to heart disease. Food sources of saturated fats include butter, dairy products, meats and other animal products. Unsaturated fats contain fatty acids with double-bonds in their carbon chains.

Biological Molecules present in Seeds Carbohydrates and protein are two of the basic biological molecules present in seeds.

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