COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM: IMPACT ON GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Colombo Defence Seminar 2017, 28 August 2017 Dr Alexey D Muraviev Head, Department of Social Sciences and Security Studies Founder and Director, Strategic Flashlight forum on National Security and Strategy CRICOS Provider code 00301J Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology.

Primary Factors of Risk Major Considerations Primary Factors of Risk Adversary Intentions Adversary Capability Target Vulnerability Terrorism Threat Assessment Terrorism Risk Assessment School of Media, Culture and Creative Arts

Major Considerations CVE as an Operational and Strategic Challenge “…aims to address the root causes of violent extremism by providing resources to communities to build and sustain local prevention efforts and promote the use of counter-narratives to confront violent extremist messaging online.” US Department of Homeland Security School of Media, Culture and Creative Arts

Major Considerations Offensive CT Defensive CT Democratic constraints Counterterrorism (CT) is confusing as there not many rules and clearly formulated strategies Offensive CT Defensive CT Non-violent strategic offence Political pressure Censorship Economic sanctions Tactical and strategic kinetic approach Targeted kills/decapitation strikes Destroying bases and training camps/centres Liquidating terror groups Targeting states sponsoring terrorism Passive tactical defence VIP protection and public safety Infrastructure protection (military and civilian) Cybernetic security Active tactical defence Hostage rescue operations Neutralising explosives Democratic constraints School of Media, Culture and Creative Arts

Operational & Strategic Challenge Initial act of a PMV Route Causes of Terrorism Nation’s/ Community Response CVE CYCLE OF TERROR VIOLENCE (CoTV) Response to a Response (RtR) by Terrorists Traditional CT Response Violence triggers violent reactions School of Media, Culture and Creative Arts

Global Governance & CVE A “multifaceted phenomenon in the which power, rules, ideas, norms, culture, regimes and institutions feature prominently” Source: Makinda, S (2003), ‘Global Governance and Terrorism’, Global Change, Peace and Security, 15(1), p. 45 School of Media, Culture and Creative Arts

CVE Through Global Governance Pillar 1 Addressing the conditions conductive to the spread of terrorism Pillar 2 Preventing and combatting terrorism Pillar 3 Building states’ capability and strengthening the UN role Pillar 4 Ensuring human rights and the rule of law Source: The United Nations Unilateral to multilateral Multilateral/cooperative School of Media, Culture and Creative Arts

“Zero Sum” Perceptions as a Challenge “Old Approach” “New Approach” CT Kinetic/Offensive CT Non-kinetic/Non offensive CVE Non-kinetic/Soft CVE Rehabilitation The kinetic approach (use of deadly force) Ideological counter-narrative Unilateral in nature Counter-effect (triggering CoTV) The emphasis on non-offensive principles Non-ideological Multilateral in nature, cooperative Rehabilitation (breaking CoTV) School of Media, Culture and Creative Arts

Opportunities & the Reality Check Strengthening international institutions Growing great power rivalry Escalation of geopolitical tensions Provisions of development assistance CVE and state bureaucracy Political correctness gone mad STRENGTHENING GLOBAL GOVERNANCE WEAKENING GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Collective use of military force within a collective framework Military strikes Force posturing Formulating a coordinated approach Coalitions of select willing Unilateral sanctions/blockade Setting common security and strategic agenda Failure to agree on basic definitions and principles School of Media, Culture and Creative Arts

THANK YOU. QUESTIONS? A.Muraviev@curtin.edu.au CRICOS Provider code 00301J Curtin University is a trademark of Curtin University of Technology.