Fish in Lakes.

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Presentation transcript:

Fish in Lakes

Lake Food Chain Generally represent the end of the food chain in most lakes Only a small fraction of the energy fixed in the system makes it to this level

Lake Food Chain Important group because of effects they can have on all other levels of living things in lakes

Feeding Categories Piscivores - feed on fish Basses, pikes, walleye

Feeding Categories Planktivores - feed on phytoplankton, zooplankton Visual particulate feeders or strainers Young of many species, clupeids like alewife

Feeding Categories Benthivores - pick materials off bottom Macroinvertebrates, algae, plants, detritus Suckers

Feeding Categories Omnivores - feed on everything Carp, gizzard shad (planktivore tendencies)

Trophic Control Each trophic group is important, but piscivores & omnivores have more overall control on the entire system

Trophic Control Strong populations of piscivores can keep other fish types in check and keep system “balanced” Top-down control

Out of Control! In absence of predators, other fish types can dominate, affect other lake components Planktivores - shad Benthivores - stunted bluegill

The Carp Cascade Feeding activities of carp can modify littoral substrate and muddy the water Macrophytes cannot grow Muddy water - reduced transparency, reduced phytoplankton, reduced zooplankton, etc.

The Bottom Line Presence or absence of a single species may have significant impact on the functioning of the entire lake

Fish Productivity Varies greatly among different fishes Fishes feeding nearer the base of the food chain (herbivores) are more productive than predatory forms

Fish Productivity The younger the fish population (mean age), the more productive it is Young fish, greater % of food intake to growth Older fish, greater % of food intake to maintenance

Fish Productivity In temperate zone lakes, production of fish limited mostly to spring, summer, autumn Considerably lower than in tropical lakes

Fish Productivity Tropics: 100s of g/m2/year Temperate lakes: 1-20 g/m2/year Temperate streams: ~50 g/m2/year