Trans-Kingdom RNA Silencing in Plant–Fungal Pathogen Interactions Chenlei Hua, Jian-Hua Zhao, Hui-Shan Guo  Molecular Plant  Volume 11, Issue 2, Pages 235-244 (February 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.001 Copyright © 2017 The Author Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Trans-Kingdom sRNAs during Plant–Non-vascular Pathogen and Plant–Vascular Pathogen Interactions. Plants can be colonized by vascular fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae and non-vascular fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea (left panel). During V. dahliae colonization in plant vascular tissues (center panel), host miRNAs were found to transmit into fungal cells and inhibit virulence genes (Zhang et al., 2016b). No fungal siRNAs were found to transmit into host cells yet (right lower panel). During B. cinerea infection, fungal siRNAs were detected to target host defense genes (Weiberg et al., 2013), whereas no host-derived miRNAs were found to export into fungal cells yet (right upper panel). Many studies have confirmed that siRNAs derived from exogenous dsRNAs (exo siRNA) can protect crops from pathogen infection. Molecular Plant 2018 11, 235-244DOI: (10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.001) Copyright © 2017 The Author Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 sRNA Transmission between Host and Parasites. (A) miRNAs transmitted from sickle cell erythrocyte to Plasmodium falciparum. These miRNAs integrated into essential parasite mRNA involved in P. falciparum growth, resulting in translational inhibition with impaired ribosomal loading (LaMonte et al., 2012). (B) sRNAs transmitted from cotton plants to Verticillium dahliae to target virulence genes for cleavage (Zhang et al., 2016b). Molecular Plant 2018 11, 235-244DOI: (10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.001) Copyright © 2017 The Author Terms and Conditions