Chapter 7 Confederation and Constitution

_________________: a loose association or league of states Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 During the War for Independence, the colonies were governed by the Continental Congress and ___________assemblies. _________________: a loose association or league of states

Organization and Achievements of Confederation Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 Organization and Achievements of Confederation Articles of Confederation, drafted in __________ developed by ______________of Delaware had ________ governing body and a congress elected yearly emphasized the _____________over a strong central government

Adoption of the Articles of Confederation Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 Adoption of the Articles of Confederation The Articles needed to be ____________ (given formal approval) by each state. ________________was the greatest contention among the states. VA and MD were slow to ratify.

2 main reasons some states objected to the Congress taking over the lands: The states with ______________ land claims did not want to them up. Influential land speculators were upset that they would not be able to make __________by reselling the land.

Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 Compromise Congress was given control of the western lands and made them “__________________.” Each state obtained an _____________vote in congress.

Political Power under the Articles No power to ________ Could raise & maintain an _______ Declare _________ Make treaties with foreign countries Manage __________ affairs Est. a _________system Borrow & coin money

Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 Congress based tax assessments in the slave states on the value of improved lands rather than population.

___________ powers Controlled foreign and domestic trade Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 ___________ powers Controlled foreign and domestic trade Ability to tax Deal directly with foreign countries Declare war

The states agreed to cooperate in certain issues. Each state would respect the others’ birth, marriage, death certificates, & wills They would _________ criminals & runaway slaves who crossed state lines. They would settle disputes through ________________ (3rd party)

Articles of Confederation Laws could be passed when ____ of 13 states approved them. The Articles themselves could be changed only with __________ consent of the states

Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 Lasting Achievements The most important legislation passed by the Confederation Congress dealt with the ______________lands. Both pieces of legislation were written by __________________.

The __________________________ Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 The __________________________ Northwest Territory- area bounded on the east by the original 13 colonies, on the west by the MS River, on the north by the Great Lakes, & on the south by the Ohio River provided for ____________ and selling the western lands The ordinance divided the land into areas of 6 square miles called ___________________.

The Northwest Ordinance of 1785 Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 The Northwest Ordinance of 1785 Each township was subdivided into 36 smaller parcels (1 sq. mile) called _______________. Sections contained ______ acres. The _______ section was set aside for education

The Northwest Ordinance of 1785 Has had a lasting effect on America Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 The Northwest Ordinance of 1785 Has had a lasting effect on America Farms & roads were laid out in straight lines & right angles (still visible today in _________& Plains states)

Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution

The _______________________________ Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 The _______________________________ provided government for these large tracts of western lands structure: a governor, three judges, and a secretary (all appointed by Congress)

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 106-109 The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 __________ citizens: population with which the region could elect its own legislature ______________ citizens: population with which the region could apply for statehood (write constitution) Guaranteed freedom of religion & forbade ____________ in the Northwest Territory The _____________ River became the dividing line between slave & free states.

The ______________ Record Is the official record & proceedings in sessions of Congress.

Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 Unfortunately, the Confederation Congress failed in several areas. These failures, which became obvious right away, highlighted the many weaknesses of the _____________________________________________.

Administrative Weaknesses inability to _________ its laws Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 Administrative Weaknesses inability to _________ its laws No ____________or legislative branch to enforce or interpret the laws ____________weaknesses couldn’t tax lacked power to regulate trade didn’t have the sole authority to coin money

Problems with _____________ still controlled western forts Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 Problems with _____________ still controlled western forts stopped American ships Problems with _____________ and the Netherlands unable to repay loans

Problems with _____________ Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 Problems with _____________ Still held land in N. America, wary of American westward expansion Convinced local _____________ that Americans would deprive them of their lands & urged raids on settlements ____________________: ability to stockpile goods while awaiting export

Right of deposit: ability to stockpile goods while awaiting export Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 Problems with Spain Dispute over use of ports on the lower MS River (_____________________) Right of deposit: ability to stockpile goods while awaiting export Spain denied Americans this privilege Congress appointed _______________of working out the problem, paid high tariffs Spain disputed the southern boundary, Americans drew it at the _____parallel (settled with the Pinckney Treaty)

Crop prices are low, heavy tax burden for farmers Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 Discontent at Home Massachusetts Assembly pledged to repay war debts, in turn had to levy heavy taxes on the state’s citizens. Crop prices are low, heavy tax burden for farmers ____________________(veteran of the Continental Army): led an armed mob to destroy court records (Shays’s Rebellion) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEoeK5MvEdY&list=WLIrmyv-y6Ftyxm5FL2LjHAhmtNjaqyvnr

_________________________(1787) Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 _________________________(1787) Daniel Shays (veteran of the Continental Army): led an armed mob (1200) to destroy court records Marched his men toward Springfield, were a federal arsenal was located. 1 volley dispersed the rebels, killing 4 Result: pointed out the ______________ of the Confederation

Preparation for Change __________________ Convention, 1786 Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 Preparation for Change __________________ Convention, 1786 5 states present purpose: help resolve disputes between the states Called for a convention of states in ___________________

Philadelphia Convention,1787 (_____________________ Convention) Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 Philadelphia Convention,1787 (_____________________ Convention) Independence Hall, Philadelphia Only ___ delegates, 12 states purpose: revise the Articles of Confederation, create a national government strong enough to govern the country

Philadelphia Convention,1787 chairman: ____________________ Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 Philadelphia Convention,1787 chairman: ____________________ decided to abandon the Articles and create a new government Discussions kept secret from the public

____________________ Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 Men Who Brought Change ____________________ “America’s first political scientist” “Father of the Constitution” __________________- led the NY delegation __________________- oldest delegate present (82)

Thomas Jefferson- minister to _______ Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 110-114 Men Who Brought Change Not present Thomas Jefferson- minister to _______ John Adams- minister to _______________ JULY 4, 1826???

The purpose of the Constitutional Convention was NOT to write the ______________________. Originally, it was to change the Articles of Confederation, but the men realized they needed a new plan of government.

Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 114-120 _________________: a document that describes how a government is to work and gives its basic laws

needed a __________ central government needed to be a _____________ Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 114-120 Points of Agreement needed a __________ central government needed to be a _____________ Elected representatives govern the __________ Representatives and government limited by _______________

No one _______________ should become too powerful Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 114-120 Points of Agreement No one _______________ should become too powerful Rights & properties of individuals should be ______________

________________ _________________ Rule by the people directly Based on what the majority wants Can lead to mob rule Today there is a shift to democracy. Actually a democratic republic The people (democratic) elect their representatives (republic). Rules can be changed only by changing the Constitution.

______________________________ Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 114-120 ______________________________ level of power held by central government possibility of some states becoming too powerful slavery and commerce

The ________ Compromise ______________ Plan (Large State Plan) Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 114-120 The ________ Compromise ______________ Plan (Large State Plan) would have two legislative houses, both based on population ________________ Plan (Small State Plan) called for one legislative body with equal representation

Great Compromise (________________ Compromise) Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 114-120 Great Compromise (________________ Compromise) proposed by ________________ called for two legislative houses (bicameral): one with equal representation, the other based on population ___________________________ _____________ (2 senators per state)

Every _____ years the federal government would determine the population of the states by taking a census. __________- count of the population

The ___________ Compromise Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 114-120 The ___________ Compromise _________: wanted tariffs to protect their industries _________: opposed tariffs to protect their exports Made the U.S. less dependent on foreign trade

The _______________ Compromise Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 114-120 The _______________ Compromise dilemma: How should congress count the slave population? solution: counted each slave as three-fifths of a person

The Three-Fifths Compromise Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 114-120 The Three-Fifths Compromise Included a promise that for ________ years Congress would make no laws interfering with slavery. Many people believed slavery was becoming less profitable, thought it would die out.

government powers are limited by law Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 114-120 ________________ government powers are limited by law Leaders cannot change their own powers according to their desires A law is only good if it agrees with what God says. _________________________: divides the powers of government among the three branches

________________________ Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 114-120 ________________________ designed to prevent the three branches from exceeding their powers ________________- led by the President, enforces laws ________________- interprets laws ________________ - makes laws A __________ System: divided the power between the national government and the states

Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 121-122 Instead of amending the Articles of Confederation, the men at the Constitutional Convention had drawn up an entirely new plan for the United States. It was nearly impossible to know how the states would receive it.

Ratifying the Constitution ______________________ 3 delegates refused to sign it because they wanted a ___________________ added first. (George Mason, Edmund Randolph, Elbridge Gerry) A Bill of Rights would guarantee __________& _____________rights & freedoms to citizens.

Ratifying the Constitution Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 121-122 Ratifying the Constitution _____________: favored the adoption of the Constitution

The _____________ Papers Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 121-122 The _____________ Papers written by ______________________________________, John Jay, and James Madison Collection of essays Persuaded their states to ratify the Constitution

worked against ratification of the Constitution Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 121-122 ___________________ worked against ratification of the Constitution opposed a strong central government desired a Bill of Rights ratification: needed _______ states to approve

_____________________ system to elect the President ______________________- 1st President ______________________- 1st Vice-President

________________________ Went into effect on December 15, 1791 1st ________amendments to the Constitution ________ amendment- grants freedom of religion, assembly, press, speech, and petition

The Constitution The _____________law of the land More than ______ years old Longest used constitution in the world _______________- 1st paragraph of Constitution. “We the People”

Reasons for Its Success - ________ principles ______________ Chapter 7 – Confederation and Constitution pp. 121-122 Reasons for Its Success - ________ principles ______________

_______________________ National motto suggested by Benjamin Franklin “Out of Many, One.”