Chemistry Basics Water Reactions & Enzymes Macro- molecules 1pt 1 pt Miscellaneous 1pt 1 pt 1 pt 1pt 1 pt 2 pt 2 pt 2pt 2pt 2 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 3 pt 4 pt 4 pt 4pt 4 pt 4pt 5pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt 5 pt

The electrons in the outer most shell of an atom

What are valence electrons

A substance formed by the chemical combination of a metal and a non-metal

What is a compound

A chemical bond in which electrons are shared between two non-metal atoms

What is a covalent bond

Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons

What are isotopes

The attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom of a neighboring molecule is called

What is a hydrogen bond

Water is ______ because of the uneven distribution of electrons between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms

What is polar

Water dissolves polar substances very well Water dissolves polar substances very well. This makes water an excellent __________.

What is solvent

A pH of 5 is _______ times more ______ than a pH of 8.

What is 1000x more acidic

Water has a high ______ which explains why it can absorb a lot of energy with little change in temperature

What is specific heat

_____ are responsible for the high surface tension of water

What are cohesion and adhesion

The slot or groove in which an enzyme binds to certain molecules is called its __________

What is active site

A chemical reaction will always involve changes in energy A chemical reaction will always involve changes in energy. A reaction in which energy is released is known as

What is exothermic

The specific molecule that an enzyme acts upon is known as it’s _____.

What is substrate

The amount of energy necessary to start a chemical reaction

What is activation energy

Heat will disrupt enzyme activity because

What is heat denatures the enzyme

The macromolecule that is used to store genetic information

What are nucleic acids

Macromolecules that are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio of 1:2:1

What are carbohydrates

Used as long term energy storage and as important components of membranes

What are lipids

Long chains of amino acids are found in

What are proteins

A chemical reaction in which a water molecule is removed in order to link two monomers

What is dehydration synthesis

Name this molecule

What is a SATURATED fatty acid

A polysaccharide is a ________

What is carbohydrate

A substance that prevents drastic changes in pH by neutralizing strong acids and bases is known as a ________

What is a buffer

Flourine has 7 electrons in its outer shell Flourine has 7 electrons in its outer shell. It is likely to (gain or lose) ___ electrons

What is gain 1

An enzyme is what type of macromolecule

What is a protein