12/7/2018 Irradiation plan Victor Rykalin Victor Rykalin

Content A bit more than introduction What do we expect from the irradiation studies ? What do we want to test? Irradiation facilities Time. Dose. Money. Summary 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

Some basics WHILE BEING IRRADIATED First dopant, PPO (s. absorption = s. luminescence) Second dopant, POPOP (s. absorption = s. luminescence of PPO, s.luminescence with longer wavelength than of PPO) , high conversion quantum efficiency, high thermal and photo resistance. WHILE BEING IRRADIATED 1.Complex process of degradation with active radicals appearance and output of the gas from polymer and from the dopants. 2. Two parameters degrade as a result: a. light output b. transmittance 3. Impact of thickness and measurements conditions ( air, Temperature, exposition time. 4. Light output recovery versus time (10-20 %). 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

M. Kobayashi (KEK) 17 November, 2003 Basics on effect of radiation M. Kobayashi (KEK) 17 November, 2003 V.I. Rykalin et al. Radiation damage in polystyrene based scintillator Preprint IHEP Protvino 1991 - 187 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

Recovery 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

ZEUS experience 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin 23 % ZEUS NOTE 98-026 April 3,1998 23 % 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

What do we expect from the irradiation studies ? We have to measure the light output of the extruded scintillator(bulk) and DHCAL cells (without fiber, with fiber) before and after irradiation, the same for the absorption and transmission spectra. MRS irradiation (possible). We have to persuade ourselves that 10 years of scintillator based DHCAL operation at LC is not a problem (total dose ?) To have an information about radiation resistance of the extruded scintillator for the perspective customers (DHCAL, MINERVA, ALICE ….) Publication (TN) 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

Irradiation facilities FERMILAB. Protons 7 Gev (1012 p/cm2 sec, painful bureaucracy) fee - nervous system. INDIANA cyclotron 200 Mev (109 -1011 p/cm2 sec, plug and play, wide spot) fee - $ 500/hour MICHIGAN. Co60 1 Mrad/hour, ~ $100/hour KANSAS, ANL, OTHERS (no experience) My preference(if protons) -------------> INDIANA (if gamma)-------------------------------->MICHIGAN 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

INDIANA Proton Capabilities of the RERS http://www.iucf.indiana.edu/RERP/rerp/cap.shtml Proton Capabilities of the RERS Energy range: 30 to 200 MeV Lower energies readily available via degraders. Momentum analyzed beams with a small spread are available at 50, 70, 100, and 150 Mev. Flux: 1E2 to > 1E11 p's/sec cm2 Routine 1E5 to 1E11 p's/sec cm2 (SEM for dosimetry). From 1E2 to 1E6 p's/sec cm2 (scintillator for dosimetry). Areas: Less than 2 cm to 40 cm diameter. Uniformity: < 30% variation over area. Absolute Dosimetry: Better than 10% routinely. Exposure Durations: A few seconds upward routinely available. RERP, Indiana University Cyclotrotron Facility 2401 Milo B, Sampson Ln Bloomington, IN 47408 PHONE #: (812) 855-2913 FAX #: (812) 855-6645 For additional information, email Barbara Przewoski przewoski@iucf.indiana.edu 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

MICHIGAN Co 60 facility will be open untill July 2004 ! Ford Nuclear Reactor to Shutdown To: trtr@wpi.edu, radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu Subject: Ford Nuclear Reactor to Shutdown From: "Christopher W. Becker" <cwbecker@UMICH.EDU> Date: Wed, 28 May 2003 15:12:59 -0400 Reply-To: "Christopher W. Becker" <cwbecker@UMICH.EDU> Sender: owner-radsafe@list.vanderbilt.edu All, The Ford Nuclear Reactor is scheduled to complete nearly 45 years of service on 3 July 2003 at 3:30 p.m. EDT. Please, no responses. Respectfully, Christopher W. Becker, Reactor - Laboratory Manager T h e U n i v e r s i t y o f M i c h i g a n Phoenix Memorial Laboratory - Ford Nuclear Reactor 2301 Bonisteel Boulevard Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2100 Phone: 734.764.6224 Fax: 734.936.1571 Pager: 734.670.7210 Text Paging: 7346707210@airtouchpaging.com Co 60 facility will be open untill July 2004 ! 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

Time. Dose. Money.   Optimum dose to accumulate ~ 1 Mrad. ??? (ask me) Time estimation: 1 Gy= 100 rad 1Gy ~ 3.5*10E(9) / cm^2, MIP in carbon. For 200 Mev protons we have ~ 1.4*10E(9) protons. Then 1 Mrad = 10 E(4) Gy -------------> 1.4*10(13) protons/cm^ 2. Then for 200 Mev and for the 10 cm beam spot we have flux 1*10E(9)p/cm^2*sec , so we have to stay on the beam 1.4*10000 sec ~ 4 hours 4 hours *$ 500 = $ 2000 1 SET 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

Summary Where? At Indiana, IUCF or at Michigan What? Cells and scintillator bulk. MRS ? Who? Me and Dmitry?(IUCF) How ? Without problems How much ? ~$2000 + travel (IUCF), ~$200 + shipping and receiving (UMICH) 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

100*5 mm^2 scintillator 1. 2. 3. 4. Cells measurements 12/7/2018 Fluorescence measurements Light output measurements and selection of the scintillator for the cell fabrication Cells production 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

10 pieces, 19*19 mm^2 1 2 10 pieces, one edge open and polished, NICADD painted cells. 3 10 NICADD painted pieces + sigma grooved fiber. 4 2-3 MRS for 1 Mrad only. 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin

To do list (30 days after irradiation, some measurements during recovery period) 1. Unwrapped square, light output (Ru 106), Fluorescence before and after 500 Krad, 1 Mrad(FNAL). 2. Painted , one end opened, Sr 90 , 500Krad and 1Mrad, NICADD 3. Cells + fiber , Sr 90, 500 and 1 Mrad, NICADD 4. Noise counts at different temperature, Number of PE with the same input signal (LED), NICADD( KEEP track of all parameters as HUM, Temperature etc) 500 Krad 1000 Krad 12/7/2018 Victor Rykalin