(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Minerals (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

Follow along… When you see information with a blue border, write it down! (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

Mineral Characteristics Mineral = Natural occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. This slide can be extremely overwhelming for students because it has so much information on it. Assure students that you will be breaking down this sentence into 5 pieces that they will be writing more about on their Graphic Organizer. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

Mineral Characteristics 1. Naturally Occurring: Formed by a process in the natural world Mineral Quartz forms naturally as molten material cools and hardens deep beneath Earth’s surface. This is a great time to talk with students about cheap value of synthetic gems, like laboratory manufactured diamonds (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_diamond). (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

Mineral Characteristics 2. Inorganic: Minerals cannot form from materials that were once part of a living thing. For example, coal forms naturally in the crust, but it is not a mineral because it comes from the remains of plants. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

Mineral Characteristics 3. Solid: Minerals are always solid. They have a definite volume and shape. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

Mineral Characteristics 4. Crystal Structure: Particles of a mineral line up in a pattern that repeats over and over again. The repeating pattern forms a solid called a CRYSTAL. Crystals have flat sides, that meet at sharp edges and corners. Sometimes the crystal structure is microscopic and cannot be seen with the naked eye. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

Mineral Characteristics 5. Definite Chemical Composition: Minerals always contain certain elements in certain amounts. Almost all minerals are compounds. Some elements occur in nature in a pure form…like copper, silver, and gold. O O O O Si Si Si O O (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle a Quick Review… If this video DOES NOT play straight from the slideshow, you can find it the file that you purchased or you can locate it at the web address below. This is a great little video that covers the 5 properties of minerals. The kids might find it a little silly, but the content is more than worth it. The original video can be found here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rTXSwnkieZc (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Think-Pair-Share Discuss whether or not the following items are minerals. Remember: in order to be a “mineral” the object must meet all 5 characteristics. Pearl—made by an Oyster Salt—forms cube shaped crystals Gasoline—used in automobiles Stalactite—hang from the ceiling in caves Sand—found in a sandbox or at the beach Students will have varying background knowledge about each of these items. Have patience with them if they ask clarifying questions or need you to explain more about each item. This should take no more than 5 minutes. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Think-Pair-Share Answers: Pearl—NO, it is organic Salt—YES, it meets all requirements Gasoline—NO, it is a liquid (and organic) Stalactite—YES, it meets all requirements Sand—YES, it meets all requirements (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals There are over 4,000 minerals in our world! How do geologists identify all of them??? (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Watch as this geologist identifies several minerals. On the back of your Graphic Organizer, keep a list of the properties and characteristics that he uses in the identification… (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals If this video DOES NOT play straight from the slideshow, you can find it the file that you purchased or you can locate it at the web address below. This is an 8 min, 33 second video. It has a lot of information packed into this small amount of time. You can find the original source here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnM8ebB06MU. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Each mineral has characteristic properties that can be used to identify it: Color Crystal Systems Streak Cleavage and Fracture Luster Density Special Properties Hardness You will explain each of these 8 properties in more detail, but now is a good time to have students write on their graphic organizer. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Color: The mineral malachite is always green and the mineral azurite is always blue. No other minerals look quite the same as these! Their color makes them identifiable. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Color: Color is easy to observe, but is not the best way to identify a mineral. Which one is GOLD? Give students 30-60 seconds to discuss which mineral is “gold”, or have them hold up their fingers to indicate which mineral they believe is gold (1 finger = picture number 1; 2 fingers = picture 2; 3 fingers = picture 3). Gold Chalcopyrite Pyrite (Fool’s Gold) (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Streak: The streak of a mineral is the color of its powder. You can observe a streak by rubbing a mineral against a piece of unglazed porcelain tile. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Use this table to answer the following question. Mineral Name Color Streak Color Rose Quartz Pink White Calcite Gypsum Olivine Green Green-Gray Give students about 60 seconds of quiet time to try and figure out the answer to this question. Can you use only color and streak color to determine the identify of an unknown mineral? Why or why not? (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Mineral Name Color Streak Color Rose Quartz Pink White Calcite Gypsum Olivine Green Green-Gray No! There are some minerals that share the same color and same color streak. Many times other properties need to be used to identify an unknown mineral. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Luster: Luster describes how light is reflected from a mineral’s surface. Luster of Minerals Metallic Glassy Greasy or Pearly Earthy or Dull Silky Waxy (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Density: Density is how much mass is in a given space (or volume). Sometimes you can FEEL density by measuring the difference of the two minerals in your hand. Density = Mass/Volume To find the volume of a mineral: Place the mineral in water to determine how much water the sample displaces. The volume of the displaced water equals the volume of the sample. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Hardness: Friedrich Mohs, an Austrian mineral expert, invented a test to describe the hardness of minerals. The Mohs Hardness Scale ranks ten minerals from softest to hardest. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Mohs Hardness Scale 1 Talc 2 Gypsum 3 Calcite 4 Fluorite 5 Apatite 6 Feldspar 7 Quartz 8 Topaz 9 Corundum 10 Diamond (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

Identifying Minerals Crystal Systems: All minerals are crystal shaped Minerals that have room to grow form complete, perfect crystals. Minerals that grow in tight places form incomplete shapes. Halite has a CUBIC crystal structure. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals These are examples of different crystal structures. Clockwise: Elbaite, Topaz, Muscovite, Borax, Olivine (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Cleavage and Fracture: A mineral that splits easily along flat surfaces has the property called cleavage. Most minerals do not split apart evenly. Instead they have a characteristic type of fracture. Fracture describes how a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Special Properties: Magnetism: Magnetite attracts metal like a magnet. Fluorescence: Scheelite is a mineral that glows in ultraviolet light (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Identifying Minerals Special Properties: Optical Properties: Calcite bends light to produce a double image. Reactivity with Acid: Aragonite reacts chemically to acid. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle A Quick Review… If this video DOES NOT play straight from the slideshow, you can find it the file that you purchased or you can locate it at the web address below. This video is 4:32 long. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cjA2-MrWAVU (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Minerals Make Rocks A rock is made up of one or more minerals! For example, Granite is composed of mica, hornblende, and quartz. Muscovite Hornblende Quartz Granite (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

Minerals Make Rocks The shiny specks found in many different rocks are actually minerals! (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Minerals Make Rocks Minerals determine the color of rocks! This rock is black and white because it is made of black and white minerals. (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle

(c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle Let’s Review Minerals are natural substances that are inorganic Minerals are solid and have a crystal shape Each mineral has a specific chemical composition We can use physical properties to identify minerals Minerals make rocks (c) 2013-Present Real Ms. Frizzle