Classification: Domains and Kingdoms Page 83

What is classification? - Classification is a way for scientists to organize living things. - Living things are organized based on their evolutionary relationships - When we classify animals, we can categorize them according to 8 different levels of classification. - From largest to smallest, the levels are: Domain Order Kingdom Family Phylum Genus Class Species

Naming Organisms - Organisms have both a common name and a scientific name. - The scientific name is typically written in Latin, because Latin is a “dead language” - Scientific names consist of an animal’s genus and species.

Writing a Scientific Name - When we write a scientific name, we capitalize the genus and lowercase the species. For example, humans are from the genus “Homo” and the species “Sapiens”, so when we write their scientific name, we write “Homo sapiens”

Domains and Kingdoms Today, we are going to learn about the 3 different domains and the 6 different kingdoms. It is important to be able to classify an organism in to its correct domain and kingdom and is a necessary skill for the EOC.

DomaiN Archae - Unicellular (have only one cell) - Prokaryote (have no nucleus or membrane- bound organelles) - Live in extreme environments, such as boiling hot water, freezing cold water, extremely salty water, or low levels of oxygen - Has only 1 kingdom, Kingdom Archae

Kingdom Archae - Unicellular (have only one cell) - Prokaryote (have no nucleus or membrane- bound organelles) - Extremophile (lives in extreme environments)

DomaiN Bacteria - Unicellular (have only one cell) - Prokaryote (have no nucleus or membrane- bound organelles) - Often characterized by their shape or whether or not they cause illnesses - Has only 1 kingdom, Kingdom Bacteria

Kingdom Bacteria - Unicellular (have only one cell) - Prokaryote (have no nucleus or membrane- bound organelles) - Often characterized by their shape or whether or not they cause illnesses

DomaiN Eukarya - Unicellular (have only one cell) or multicellular (have many cells) - Eukaryote (have cells with nucleus and membrane-bound organelles) - Has four different kingdoms, Kingdom Protista, Kingdom Fungi, Kingdom Plantae, Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Protista - Asexual (Reproduces with one parent) - Autotrophic (Can make its own food) - Asexual (Reproduces with one parent) - Almost all are unicellular (can also be multicelluar) - Examples: amoebas, algae, kelp

Kingdom Fungi - Asexual (Reproduces with one parent) - Heterotrophic (Has to eat other organism as food) - Asexual (Reproduces with one parent) - Almost all are multicellular (can also be unicellular) - Examples: mushrooms, mold, yeast

Kingdom Plantae - Sexual (requires two parents to reproduce – pollen) - Autotrophic (produces its own food through photosynthesis) - Sexual (requires two parents to reproduce – pollen) - Multicellular - Examples: tree, flowers, grass

Kingdom Animalia - Heterotropic (must eat other organisms for food) - Sexual (requires two parents to reproduce – sperm and eggs - Some kind reproduce by budding (asexual) such as sponges - Almost all multicellular - Examples: lions, tigers, bears (…oh my!)