INSTRUCTOR © 2017, John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form without the express written permission of the author. © 2004 John R. Fanchi All rights reserved. Do not copy or distribute.

To the Instructor The set of files here are designed to help you prepare lectures for your own course using the text Energy in the 21st Century, 4th Edition, J.R. Fanchi and C.J. Fanchi (World Scientific, 2017) You will need to supplement the files to complete the presentation topics.

Chapter 2

Chapter 2 – Learning Objectives © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

Figure 2‑1 Schematic Cross-Section of the earth (not to scale) © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

Figure 2‑2 Cross-Section of the earth © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

Figure 2‑3 Tectonic Plates © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

Figure 2‑4 Tectonic Plate Movement [after USGS Historical, 2015] © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

© 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved. Figure 2‑5 Rock Cycle © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

© 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved. Table 2-1 Geologic Time Scale © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

© 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved. Figure 2‑6 A Schematic View of the Formation of Coal [US EIA NEED, 2015] © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

Table 2-2 Relative Coal Properties [US EIA NEED, 2015] © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

Figure 2‑7 Schematic of a Typical Coal Seam © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

Figure 2-8 Illustration of a Resource Pyramid © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

© 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved. Table 2-3 National Recoverable Coal as Percent of Total Global Recoverable Coal in 2011* [US EIA Coal, 2015] © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

© 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved. Figure 2-9 Major Coal Regions in the United States as of January 1, 2008 [US EIA Coal, 2009] © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

Figure 2-10 Coal Trains in Canada (© Fanchi, 2002) © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

© 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved. Table 2-4 Pounds of Air Pollutants Produced per Billion BTU of Energy [US EIA Emissions, 1998] © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

© 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved. Figure 2-11 Image Credit: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), NASA Terra satellite; image acquired December 7, 2013 © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

Tennessee Valley Authority [TVA, 2015] Figure 2-12 Tennessee Valley Authority [TVA, 2015] © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.

Figure 2-13 Schematic of Coal Gas Well © 2016 Fanchi Enterprises. All right reserved.