Review Chemistry Chapter 2 Could you put an image here? Review Chemistry Chapter 2

Ch 2-1 Nature of matter Ch 2-2 Properties of water Ch 2-3 Carbon compounds Ch 2-4 Enzymes Miscellaneous 100 100 100 100 100 200 200 200 200 200 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 500 500 500 500 500

The positively charged particle in an atom is the: Theme 1 Prompt 100 Points The positively charged particle in an atom is the: a. neutron b. ion c. proton d. electron.

Theme 1 Response 100 Points c. proton

Two or more different atoms are combined in definite proportions are: Theme 1 Prompt 200 Points Two or more different atoms are combined in definite proportions are: a. symbol b. isotope c. element d. compound

Theme 1 Response 200 Points d. compound

A covalent bond is formed by the: a. transfer of electrons Theme 1 Prompt 300 Points A covalent bond is formed by the: a. transfer of electrons b. sharing of electrons c. gaining of electrons d. losing of electrons

Theme 1 Response 300 Points b. sharing of electrons

Theme 1 Prompt 400 Points When you shake sugar and sand together in a test tube, you cause them to form a: a. compound b. mixture c. solution d. suspension

Theme 1 Response 400 Points b. mixture

Explain the relationship among atoms, elements and compounds. Theme 1 Prompt 500 Points Explain the relationship among atoms, elements and compounds.

Theme 1 Response 500 Points Elements are composed of atoms. Compounds are composed of atoms of two or more elements combined in definite proportions.

Theme 2 Prompt 100 Points Explain the properties of cohesion and adhesion. Give an example of each property.

Theme 2 Response 100 Points Cohesion is an attraction between molecules of the same substance. A example is drops of water forming beads on a smooth surface. Adhesion is an attraction between molecules of different substances. An example is capillary action.

What is the relationship between solutions, solutes and solvents? Theme 2 Prompt 200 Points What is the relationship between solutions, solutes and solvents?

Theme 2 Response 200 Points A solution is a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another. The solute is the substance that is dissolved. The solvent is the substance in which the solute is dissolved.

How are acids and bases different? How do their pH values differ? Theme 2 Prompt 300 Points How are acids and bases different? How do their pH values differ?

Theme 2 Response 300 Points An acid is any compound that produces H+ ions in solution; acidic solutions have pH values below 7. A base is a compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; basic solution have pH values above 7.

Theme 2 Prompt 400 Points Predicting: Suppose you wanted to increase the pH of a solution. What could you add to the solution to increase the pH? Explain your prediction.

Theme 2 Response 400 Points Adding a base to the solution would increase its pH because a base produces hydroxide ions in solution and basic solutions have pH values above 7.

Theme 2 Prompt 500 Points Predicting: Changing the temperature or pH can change an enzyme’s shape. Describe how changing the temperature or pH might affect the function of the enzyme in Fig 2-21.

Theme 2 Response 500 Points If the temperature or pH were changed, the shape of the enzyme hexokinase could change. It might lose its ability to bind with the substrates, glucose and ATP, and an enzyme-substrate complex would not form. As a result, the enzyme would not speed up the reaction.

Theme 3 Prompt 100 Points In polymerization, complex molecules are formed by joining together of: a. macromolecules b. carbohydrates c. polymers d. monomers

Theme 3 Response 100 Points d. monomers

Proteins are polymers formed from: Theme 3 Prompt 200 Points Proteins are polymers formed from: a. lipids b. carbohydrates c. amino acids d. nucleic acids

Theme 3 Response 200 Points c. amino acids

What is the difference between saturated fat and unsaturated fat? Theme 3 Prompt 300 Points What is the difference between saturated fat and unsaturated fat?

Theme 3 Response 300 Points Saturated fat= means that each carbon atom is joined to another carbon by a single bond a lipid’s fatty acids. Ex: butter, margarine (solids). Unsaturated fat= means that there is at least one double bond between two carbons in a fatty acid. If there is more than one double bond, it’s called polyunsaturated fat. Ex: any cooking oil, sesame oil, peanut oil (liquids).

Theme 3 Prompt 400 Points Explain the relationship between monomers and polymers using polysaccharides as an example.

Theme 3 Response 400 Points Polymers are large macromolecules made up of smaller molecules called monomers. For example: monomers called monosaccharide are joined together to form polymers called polysaccharides.

Describe at least one function of each group of organic compounds. Theme 3 Prompt 500 Points Describe at least one function of each group of organic compounds.

Theme 3 Response 500 Points Carbohydrates- main source of energy Lipids – used to store energy; are parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverages Nucleic acids – store and transmit DNA Proteins – control the rate of chemical reactions, regulate cell processes, form tissues, transport substances and help to fight diseases.

Theme 4 Prompt 100 Points An enzyme speeds up a reaction by: a. lowering the activation energy b. raising the activation energy c. releasing energy d. absorbing energy

a. lowering the activation energy Theme 4 Response 100 Points a. lowering the activation energy

Theme 4 Prompt 200 Points In a chemical reaction, a reactant binds to an enzyme at a region known as the: a. catalyst b. product c. substrate d. active site

Theme 4 Response 200 Points d. active site

What is a chemical reaction? Theme 4 Prompt 300 Points What is a chemical reaction?

Theme 4 Response 300 Points A chemical reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.

Describe the two energy changes that can occur in a chemical reaction. Theme 4 Prompt 400 Points Describe the two energy changes that can occur in a chemical reaction.

Some chemical reactions release energy, and others absorb energy. Theme 4 Response 400 Points Some chemical reactions release energy, and others absorb energy.

What relationship exists between an enzyme and a catalyst? Theme 4 Prompt 500 Points What relationship exists between an enzyme and a catalyst?

An enzyme is a biological catalyst. Theme 4 Response 500 Points An enzyme is a biological catalyst.

Describe some factors that may influence enzyme activity. Theme 5 Prompt 100 Points Describe some factors that may influence enzyme activity.

Theme 5 Response 100 Points Factors that can influence enzyme activity include pH, temperature and proteins in cells that help turn key enzymes “on” and “off” at critical stages.

Name two basic kinds of nucleic acids. What sugar does each contain? Theme 5 Prompt 200 Points Name two basic kinds of nucleic acids. What sugar does each contain?

Theme 5 Response 200 Points Two basic kinds are ribonucleic acid (RNA) which contains the sugar ribose and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which contains sugar deoxyribose.

Describe parts of a nucleotide. Theme 5 Prompt 300 Points Describe parts of a nucleotide.

Theme 5 Response 300 Points Nucleotide consists of 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

How are atoms in a compound held together? Theme 5 Prompt 400 Points How are atoms in a compound held together?

Theme 5 Response 400 Points Atoms in a compound are held together by a chemical bond (ionic bond or covalent bond).

Theme 5 Prompt 500 Points What is a radioactive isotope? Describe two uses of radioactive isotopes.

Theme 5 Response 500 Points Radioactive isotopes are isotopes whose nuclei are unstable and break down at a constant rate over time. Radioactive isotopes are used in determining ages of rocks, treating cancer, killing bacteria in food, and following the movements of substances within organisms.

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The Daily Double