PSY 436 Instructor: Emily Bullock Yowell, Ph.D.

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Presentation transcript:

PSY 436 Instructor: Emily Bullock Yowell, Ph.D. Contemporary Perspectives on Abnormal Behavior and Methods of Treatment PSY 436 Instructor: Emily Bullock Yowell, Ph.D.

Objective: To differentiate among the perspective/model below and discuss the merits and limitations of each with regards to their explanation of abnormal behavior and their approach to treatment. Biological Perspective Psychodynamic Learning Models Humanistic Models Cognitive Models Sociocultural Perspective Biopsychosocial Perspective

Types of Helping Professionals Clinical Psychologist Counseling Psychologist Psychiatrist Clinical or Psychiatric Social Worker Psychoanalyst Counselor Psychiatric Nurse

Psychotherapy Systematic Interaction Psychological Principles Behavior, Thoughts, and Feelings Abnormal Behavior, Problem Solving, and Personal Growth

Current Perspectives and Methods of Treatment for Abnormal Behavior: In-Class Interactive Project Every group member read the sections in chapters 2 and 4 that pertain to your assigned Perspective and Treatment. Determine the way your assigned perspective conceptualizes abnormal behavior. i.e., Where do these theorists or adherents think it comes from? Outline for the class some important aspects of your perspective Are there some important concepts in the chapter? Are there some specific names of theorists emphasized? Are there some differences among those theorists that fall within your perspective? What are some approaches to treatment that your perspective takes? What would they do with a client to help them? What are some techniques or tools they use? Begin to form an opinion on whether your perspective is more focused on abnormal behavior being perceived as a biological or environment/societal issue.

The Biological Perspective Medical Model The Nervous System Neurons Dendrites Axon Terminals Neurotransmitters Synapse Receptor site

Anatomy of a Neuron

Transmission of Neural Impulse Across the Synapse

The Biological Perspective Parts of the Nervous System Central nervous system Medulla Cerebellum Reticular activating system Thalamus Hypothalamus Limbic system

The Geography of the Brain

The Biological Perspective Parts of the Nervous System Central Nervous System Basal Ganglia Cerebrum Cerebral cortex

The Biological Perspective Parts of the Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic Parasympathetic The Cerebral Cortex

Biomedical Therapies Drug Therapy Anti-anxiety Drugs Anti-psychotic Drugs Anti-depressants Tricyclics MAO SSRI Lithium

Biomedical Therapies Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Psychosurgery Prefrontal Lobotomy Evaluation of Biological Approaches

The Psychological Perspective Psychodynamic Models Psychoanalytic Theory Structure of the Mind Conscious Preconscious Unconscious

The Psychological Perspective Psychodynamic Models The Structure of Personality Id Ego Superego

Parts of the Mind, According to Freud

The Psychological Perspective Psychodynamic Models Defense Mechanisms Repression Regression Rationalization Displacement Projection Reaction Formation Denial Sublimation

The Psychological Perspective Psychodynamic Models Stages of psychosexual development Oral stage Anal stage Phallic stage Latency stage Genital stage

The Psychological Perspective Psychodynamic Models Other Psychodynamic Theorists Carl Jung Alfred Adler Karen Horney Erik Erikson Margaret Mahler- Object relations

The Psychological Perspective Psychodynamic Models Psychodynamic Views of Normality and Abnormality Psychosis Evaluating Psychodynamic Models

Methods of Psychotherapy Treatment Psychodynamic Free Association Dream Analysis Transference Modern Psychodynamic Approaches Ego Analysts Object-relations Introjected

The Psychological Perspective Learning Models Behaviorism Ivan Pavlov-classical conditioning J.B. Watson-father of behaviorism B.F. Skinner-Operant conditioning Social-Cognitive Theory

Pavlov’s Conditioning Apparatus

Schematic Diagram of Classical Conditioning *

Methods of Psychotherapy Treatment Behavior Therapy Systematic Desensitization Gradual Exposure Modeling Token Economy Evaluating Learning and Behavioral Models

The Psychological Perspective Humanistic Models Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow Humanistic Concepts of Abnormal Behavior Unconditional positive regard Conditional positive regard

Methods of Psychotherapy Treatment Humanistic Therapy Person-Centered Therapy Unconditional Positive Regard Empathy Genuineness Congruence

The Psychological Perspective Humanistic Models Evaluating Humanistic Models

The Psychological Perspective Cognitive Models Information-Processing Models Albert Ellis Aaron Beck Evaluating Cognitive Models

Methods of Psychotherapy Treatment Cognitive Therapy Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Beck’s Cognitive Therapy Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Eclectic Therapy

The Sociocultural Perspective Ethnicity and Mental Health The Sociocultural Perspective Social causation model Downward drift hypothesis

Ethnic/Racial U.S. Population in the Year 2005 *

Projected Ethnic/Racial U.S. Population in the Year 2050

Multicultural Issues in Psychotherapy African Americans Asian Americans Hispanic Americans Native Americans

Ethnic Group Difference in Use of Mental Health Services Barriers to Receiving mental health treatment Cultural mistrust Institutional barriers Cultural barriers Language barriers Economic barriers

The Sociocultural Perspective Evaluating the Sociocultural Perspective

The Biopsychosocial Perspective The Diathesis-Stress Model Evaluating the Biopsychosocial Perspective

Diathesis-Stress Model

Methods of Psychotherapy Treatment Group Therapy Family Therapy Couples Therapy Evaluating Methods of Psychotherapy

Hospitalization and Community-Based Care Roles for Hospitalization The Community Mental Health Center