By Christopher Coffman 11/7/2012

What are quantum computers? What are the physics concepts are at play? What are the basic components of a quantum computer and how they are used? What are some different models for quantum computing? What are some of the candidates for quantum computers? Whats the present state of quantum computing?

Computers are defined as devices which contain some kind of processor and memory. Typical Digital processors interrupt information and then makes decisions. This info is normally in groups of byte, which contain 8 bits (0 or 1 value). Ergo 8 bits = 2^8=256 different combinations for information.

Alan Turing (1936) describes a machine which reads symbols on a tape and inter- -puts it via a table of rules.

Simply a Turing Machine whose tape is in a quantum state. Turing-Deutsch principle states that QTM can simulate every physical process, assuming Quantum Mechanic can completely describe the state. The information exists in qubits, or like its digital analogue bits.

Quantum Entanglement is the phenomenon of when two quantum states become paired and thus have the same state at all times. Superposition the ability of any function to be a superposition (linear combination) of all the possible states.

Quantum Bits a piece of info that can be Either on, off, or somewhere between. The unitary transforms these bits Undergo can be thought of using an Angle within the Bloch Sphere 500 qubits allows for up to 2^500 states to Be examined at once, while classical computers can express merely 500 states. Processed/travel Quantum Logic Gates

There are two main quantum Algorithms at this time. Shors -for integer factorization. Very useful in cryptography. Grovers –for searching unsorted databases of N entries.

SQUID – Superconducting Quantum Interference Device allows for detection minute changes in magnetic fields Josephson Junctions- creates low resistance circuits for qubits which allow for massive amounts of info to transmitted relatively quickly.

The systems still lack large scale qubit systems. Quantum Memory Storage has yet to be touched! Quantum Algorithms are being formulated to create more useful applications of systems Recent Nobel Prize was in measuring and maintain quantum states within a field.

Quantum Computing is still in its infancy, and we dont know if they are even physically possible yet. Algorithms need to be improved and expanded if serious computing increases are to be realized. Would prove several aspect of QM and at the same time develop ways of controlling these states.

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