GEOGRAPHY ◄THE UK & GLOBALISATION► On a global scale: the world as a global village   Faster, cheaper communication & transport - The transport revolution for goods & people - The communication revolution  Free flows, no borders? - Open borders for goods - More complicated for people => An accelerated globalization - The international division of labour - Competition between global cities Globalization is a revolutionary force – more revolutionary even than its 19th century predecessor. […] World trade has expanded 33 times since 1950. It now costs less to ship a container from London to Shanghai than from London to Birmingham. Two decades ago, the web did not exist. Now 2 billion people — a third of humanity — use the internet every day; four billion people have mobile phones; 1 in 12 has a Facebook account. Two hundred million people — almost the size of Indonesia— are currently migrants in foreign countries, integrating the world socially and culturally, as well as economically. Lecture on “Harnessing Global Diversity”, Pascal Lamy, Secretary-General of the WTO, June 14, 2011 World market National territories TNC GHQ Investment flows Other flows (information, employees, raw materials, components, manufactured goods) TNCs, the main drive of globalisation

GEOGRAPHY ◄THE UK & GLOBALISATION► On a regional scale: the EU migrant crisis  EU border policy - The Schengen area & Frontex  Specific push & pull factors - The arc of crisis & the Welfare State => The 2015-2016 migrant crisis - Migrant routes/pathways to EU & UK Asylum seekers & refugees => Calais camps Europe, a Haven. "The New Europeans", National Geographic, October 2016 The “Jungle” camp in Calais, Philippe Huguen, AFP/ Getty Images, iNews, 30 August 2016.

GEOGRAPHY ◄THE UK & GLOBALISATION► On a national scale : the UK & international migration  UK’s policy - A strict border policy: Schengen & the 2004 Le Touquet treaty - A selective immigration policy: the 2003 & 2004 legislations  Immigrants to the UK - Specific pull factors: the Commonwealth + no ID - UK immigrants’ profile : the brain drain, remittances ; circular, re-emigration  A specificity: British emigration tradition - A worldwide diaspora + New amenity/lifestyle migration The 2004 Le Touquet agreement the Channel THE UK Dover FRANCE Calais THE COMMONWEALTH Net migration flows, The Migration Observatory, Oxford University, 13/4/15

GEOGRAPHY ◄THE UK & GLOBALISATION► From local to global: London a global city   The assets of an attractive city - Multipolar command functions, a connected multimodal hub => attracts flows & multicultural city · A city challenged by major issues - The socio-economic divide & the environmental challenge => The answer: urban planning - The conflicting aims of rebranding - The debates about London’s regeneration & image ‘Red’ Ken LIVINGSTONE 2000-2008 (Labour) ‘Mad’ Boris JOHNSON 2008-2016 (Tory) Sadiq KHAN 2016-2020 (Labour)